Jochen Bäuerle1, Nikolai J Gross2, Karl Egger3, Jakob Neubauer3, Wolf-Dirk Niesen1, Klaus-Jürgen Buttler1,4, Wolf A Lagrèze2, Matthias Reinhard1. 1. Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 3. Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 4. Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of ocular B-mode sonography and of standard head computed tomography (CT) as screening tools for intraocular hemorrhages related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: 46 patients with spontaneous SAH were examined using ocular B-mode sonography and underwent funduscopy as gold standard for detection of ocular hemorrhages (OH). Additionally, all head CT scans done during the hospital stay of the study population were rated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of OH. RESULTS: Funduscopy revealed vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages in ten eyes and retinal hemorrhages in nine eyes. In comparison with funduscopy, ocular sonography showed a sensitivity and specificity for the detection of vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages of 100%, while identification of retinal hemorrhages was less reliable with a sensitivity/specificity of 44%/100%. Standard head CT showed a lower sensitivity/specificity of 60%/96% for vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages, and 32%/95% for the diagnosis of any ocular bleeding. CONCLUSION: Ocular sonography identifies SAH-related preretinal and vitreous hemorrhages with high accuracy and is superior to standard head CT. It may be considered as new and useful bedside diagnostic tool for routine clinical care of patients with SAH.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of ocular B-mode sonography and of standard head computed tomography (CT) as screening tools for intraocular hemorrhages related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: 46 patients with spontaneous SAH were examined using ocular B-mode sonography and underwent funduscopy as gold standard for detection of ocular hemorrhages (OH). Additionally, all head CT scans done during the hospital stay of the study population were rated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of OH. RESULTS: Funduscopy revealed vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages in ten eyes and retinal hemorrhages in nine eyes. In comparison with funduscopy, ocular sonography showed a sensitivity and specificity for the detection of vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages of 100%, while identification of retinal hemorrhages was less reliable with a sensitivity/specificity of 44%/100%. Standard head CT showed a lower sensitivity/specificity of 60%/96% for vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages, and 32%/95% for the diagnosis of any ocular bleeding. CONCLUSION: Ocular sonography identifies SAH-related preretinal and vitreous hemorrhages with high accuracy and is superior to standard head CT. It may be considered as new and useful bedside diagnostic tool for routine clinical care of patients with SAH.