Michael G Bruce1, Rosalyn Singleton2, Lisa Bulkow3, Karen Rudolph3, Tammy Zulz3, Prabhu Gounder3, Debby Hurlburt3, Dana Bruden3, Thomas Hennessy3. 1. Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA. Electronic address: zwa8@cdc.gov. 2. Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK, USA. 3. Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alaska Native (AN) children have experienced high rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In March 2010, PCV13 was introduced statewide in Alaska. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on IPD in children and adults, 45 months after introduction. METHODS: Pneumococcal sterile site isolates, reported through state-wide surveillance, were serotyped using standard methods. We defined a pre-PCV13 time period 2005-2008 and post-PCV13 time period April 2010-December 2013; excluding Jan 2009-March 2010 because PCV13 was introduced pre-licensure in one high-risk region in 2009. RESULTS: Among Alaska children <5 years, PCV13 serotypes comprised 65% of IPD in the pre-PCV13 period and 26% in the PCV13 period. Among all Alaska children <5 years, IPD rates decreased from 60.9 (pre) to 25.4 (post) per 100,000/year (P<0.001); PCV13 serotype IPD decreased from 37.7 to 6.4 (P<0.001). Among AN children <5 years, IPD rates decreased from 149.2 to 60.8 (P<0.001); PCV13 serotype IPD decreased from 87.0 to 17.4 (P<0.001); non-PCV13 serotype IPD did not change significantly. Among persons 5-17 and ≥45 years, the post-vaccine IPD rate was similar to the baseline period, but declined in persons 18-44 years (39%, P<0.001); this decline was similar in AN and non-AN persons (38%, P=0.016, 43%, P=0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Forty-five months after PCV13 introduction, overall IPD and PCV13-serotype IPD rates had decreased 58% and 83%, respectively, in Alaska children <5 years of age when compared with 2005-2008. We observed evidence of indirect effect among adults with a 39% reduction in IPD among persons 18-44 years. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
BACKGROUND: Alaska Native (AN) children have experienced high rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In March 2010, PCV13 was introduced statewide in Alaska. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on IPD in children and adults, 45 months after introduction. METHODS:Pneumococcal sterile site isolates, reported through state-wide surveillance, were serotyped using standard methods. We defined a pre-PCV13 time period 2005-2008 and post-PCV13 time period April 2010-December 2013; excluding Jan 2009-March 2010 because PCV13 was introduced pre-licensure in one high-risk region in 2009. RESULTS: Among Alaska children <5 years, PCV13 serotypes comprised 65% of IPD in the pre-PCV13 period and 26% in the PCV13 period. Among all Alaska children <5 years, IPD rates decreased from 60.9 (pre) to 25.4 (post) per 100,000/year (P<0.001); PCV13 serotype IPD decreased from 37.7 to 6.4 (P<0.001). Among AN children <5 years, IPD rates decreased from 149.2 to 60.8 (P<0.001); PCV13 serotype IPD decreased from 87.0 to 17.4 (P<0.001); non-PCV13 serotype IPD did not change significantly. Among persons 5-17 and ≥45 years, the post-vaccine IPD rate was similar to the baseline period, but declined in persons 18-44 years (39%, P<0.001); this decline was similar in AN and non-AN persons (38%, P=0.016, 43%, P=0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Forty-five months after PCV13 introduction, overall IPD and PCV13-serotype IPD rates had decreased 58% and 83%, respectively, in Alaska children <5 years of age when compared with 2005-2008. We observed evidence of indirect effect among adults with a 39% reduction in IPD among persons 18-44 years. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Authors: Ian D Plumb; K Danielle Lecy; Rosalyn Singleton; Michael C Engel; Matthew Hirschfeld; James W Keck; Joseph Klejka; Karen M Rudolph; Thomas W Hennessy; Michael G Bruce Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2018-04 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Karen M Miernyk; Lisa R Bulkow; Samantha L Case; Tammy Zulz; Michael G Bruce; Marcella Harker-Jones; Debby A Hurlburt; Thomas W Hennessy; Karen M Rudolph Journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2016-07-07 Impact factor: 2.803
Authors: Lindsay R Grant; Laura L Hammitt; Sarah E O'Brien; Michael R Jacobs; Connie Donaldson; Robert C Weatherholtz; Raymond Reid; Mathuram Santosham; Katherine L O'Brien Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2016-08 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Michelle McFarland; Taylor P Szasz; Julie Y Zhou; Kara Motley; Janardan S Sivapalan; Megan Isaacson-Schmid; Elizabeth M Todd; Patrick G Hogan; Stephanie A Fritz; Carey-Ann D Burnham; Steen Hoffmann; Sharon Celeste Morley Journal: Vaccine Date: 2017-07-04 Impact factor: 3.641