Katherine Butler1, Jana Ritter2, Shanon Ellis3, Tara R Henning1, Jeltley Montague2, Sherif Zaki2, David Garber1, Janet M McNicholl1, Ellen N Kersh1. 1. Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA. 2. Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA. 3. Total Solutions, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) has been associated in some studies with increased HIV susceptibility in women. We used a pigtail macaque model to document the effects of repeated DMPA treatments and their potential contribution to increased SHIV susceptibility. METHODS: Nine pigtails were administered 2.5, 1.5, or 0.5 mg/kg DMPA in study weeks one and four. Menstrual cycling, vaginal epithelial thickness, and other SHIV susceptibility factors were monitored for a mean of 24 study weeks. RESULTS: All DMPA treatments suppressed menstrual cycling and increased vaginal pH. The vaginal epithelium thinned naturally during baseline menstrual cycles (from mean of 351 to 161 μm in late-luteal phase). Following DMPA, the non-nucleated layer was temporarily absent. Two weeks post-second DMPA injection, mean epithelial thickness was 53, 45, and 167 μm for the descending doses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: All animals showed temporal vaginal epithelial thinning with loss of the non-nucleated layer, and vaginal pH changes post-DMPA injections. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
BACKGROUND:Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) has been associated in some studies with increased HIV susceptibility in women. We used a pigtail macaque model to document the effects of repeated DMPA treatments and their potential contribution to increased SHIV susceptibility. METHODS: Nine pigtails were administered 2.5, 1.5, or 0.5 mg/kg DMPA in study weeks one and four. Menstrual cycling, vaginal epithelial thickness, and other SHIV susceptibility factors were monitored for a mean of 24 study weeks. RESULTS: All DMPA treatments suppressed menstrual cycling and increased vaginal pH. The vaginal epithelium thinned naturally during baseline menstrual cycles (from mean of 351 to 161 μm in late-luteal phase). Following DMPA, the non-nucleated layer was temporarily absent. Two weeks post-second DMPA injection, mean epithelial thickness was 53, 45, and 167 μm for the descending doses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: All animals showed temporal vaginal epithelial thinning with loss of the non-nucleated layer, and vaginal pH changes post-DMPA injections. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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