Tuck Seng Cheng1, Helen Chen1,2, Theresa Lee1,2, Oon Hoe Teoh1,2,3, Lynette P Shek3, Bee Wah Lee3, Cornelia Chee3, Keith M Godfrey4,5, Peter D Gluckman6,7, Kenneth Kwek1, Seang Mei Saw8, Yap-Seng Chong3, Michael Meaney6, Birit F P Broekman3,6, Oh Moh Chay1,2,3, Hugo Van Bever3, Anne Goh1,2,3. 1. KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore. 2. Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore. 3. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore. 4. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 5. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. 6. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore. 7. Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 8. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Different maternal psychological states during pregnancy have been associated with wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in children. However, previous studies were limited and it was unclear whether the type of prenatal psychological state was associated with a particular symptom. We examined the association of maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy with wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in infancy. METHODS: In a longitudinal birth cohort (GUSTO) of 1152 mother-child pairs, wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in the infants during the first year of life were collected by parental report. Maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at 26 weeks of gestation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: An increased risk of wheezing was found in infants of pregnant women with probable depression (EPDS ≥ 15) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.12)], and an increased risk of rhinitis was associated with maternal anxiety [STAI state ≥ 41: OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.04-1.93); STAI trait ≥ 43: OR = 1.38 (95% CI 1.01-1.88)]. After adjusting for known risk factors for the development of allergic disease, these associations remained significant [EPDS ≥ 15: adjusted OR = 2.09 (95% CI 1.05-4.19); STAI state ≥ 41: adjusted OR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.17-2.82); STAI trait ≥ 43: adjusted OR = 1.70 (95% CI 1.10-2.61)]. However, maternal psychological states were not associated with infantile eczema. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there may be an independent effect of prenatal depression on wheezing and anxiety on rhinitis in infancy.
BACKGROUND: Different maternal psychological states during pregnancy have been associated with wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in children. However, previous studies were limited and it was unclear whether the type of prenatal psychological state was associated with a particular symptom. We examined the association of maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy with wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in infancy. METHODS: In a longitudinal birth cohort (GUSTO) of 1152 mother-child pairs, wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in the infants during the first year of life were collected by parental report. Maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at 26 weeks of gestation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: An increased risk of wheezing was found in infants of pregnant women with probable depression (EPDS ≥ 15) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.12)], and an increased risk of rhinitis was associated with maternal anxiety [STAI state ≥ 41: OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.04-1.93); STAI trait ≥ 43: OR = 1.38 (95% CI 1.01-1.88)]. After adjusting for known risk factors for the development of allergic disease, these associations remained significant [EPDS ≥ 15: adjusted OR = 2.09 (95% CI 1.05-4.19); STAI state ≥ 41: adjusted OR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.17-2.82); STAI trait ≥ 43: adjusted OR = 1.70 (95% CI 1.10-2.61)]. However, maternal psychological states were not associated with infantile eczema. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there may be an independent effect of prenatal depression on wheezing and anxiety on rhinitis in infancy.
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