| Literature DB >> 26232223 |
Mohammad Pourkheirandish1, Goetz Hensel2, Benjamin Kilian2, Natesan Senthil1, Guoxiong Chen1, Mohammad Sameri1, Perumal Azhaguvel1, Shun Sakuma1, Sidram Dhanagond2, Rajiv Sharma2, Martin Mascher2, Axel Himmelbach2, Sven Gottwald2, Sudha K Nair1, Akemi Tagiri1, Fumiko Yukuhiro1, Yoshiaki Nagamura1, Hiroyuki Kanamori1, Takashi Matsumoto1, George Willcox3, Christopher P Middleton4, Thomas Wicker4, Alexander Walther5, Robbie Waugh6, Geoffrey B Fincher7, Nils Stein2, Jochen Kumlehn2, Kazuhiro Sato8, Takao Komatsuda9.
Abstract
About 12,000 years ago in the Near East, humans began the transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture-based societies. Barley was a founder crop in this process, and the most important steps in its domestication were mutations in two adjacent, dominant, and complementary genes, through which grains were retained on the inflorescence at maturity, enabling effective harvesting. Independent recessive mutations in each of these genes caused cell wall thickening in a highly specific grain "disarticulation zone," converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention. By tracing the evolutionary history of allelic variation in both genes, we conclude that spatially and temporally independent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of barley by farmers in the southern and northern regions of the Levant, actions that made a major contribution to the emergence of early agrarian societies.Entities:
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Year: 2015 PMID： 26232223 DOI： 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.002
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Cell ISSN： 0092-8674 Impact factor: 41.582