Naofumi Tamaki1, Fumihiko Yoshino2, Makoto Fukui1, Hideaki Hayashida3, Ayaka Yoshida2, Masayasu Kitamura3, Takahiro Iwasaki3, Reiko Furugen3, Koji Kawasaki4, Mio Nakazato5, Takahiro Maeda5, Susumu Kokeguchi6, Tatsuo Yamamoto7, Masaichi Chang-Il Lee8, Hiro-O Ito1, Toshiyuki Saito3. 1. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. 2. Division of Photomedical Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan. 3. Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. 4. Community Medical Network Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan. 5. Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. 6. Department of Oral Microbiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. 7. Department of Dental Sociology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan. 8. Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Health Emergency Research Center & ESR Laboratories, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Abstract
AIM: Antioxidant activities and cytokine levels in human body fluids are considered to be strongly associated with periodontitis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between salivary antioxidant activities against superoxide or hydroxyl radical, cytokines, and periodontal conditions through a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Goto city, Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva samples were analysed for superoxide or hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and cytokine levels from 160 participants. We demonstrated that saliva contained superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities by using electron spin resonance with a spin-trapping agent. The concentrations of eight cytokines were measured using multiplex bead assays. RESULTS: There were significant differences in salivary superoxide or hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and the levels of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-8 between periodontitis classifications. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression model showed that salivary superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were significantly associated with the classification of periodontitis. In addition, salivary superoxide scavenging activity was found to have significant association with all periodontal parameters using multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the evaluation of salivary antioxidant activities, as assessed by electron spin resonance, are associated with periodontitis and various clinical variables in community-dwelling participants (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01742728).
AIM: Antioxidant activities and cytokine levels in human body fluids are considered to be strongly associated with periodontitis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between salivary antioxidant activities against superoxide or hydroxyl radical, cytokines, and periodontal conditions through a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Goto city, Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva samples were analysed for superoxide or hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and cytokine levels from 160 participants. We demonstrated that saliva contained superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities by using electron spin resonance with a spin-trapping agent. The concentrations of eight cytokines were measured using multiplex bead assays. RESULTS: There were significant differences in salivary superoxide or hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and the levels of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-8 between periodontitis classifications. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression model showed that salivary superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were significantly associated with the classification of periodontitis. In addition, salivary superoxide scavenging activity was found to have significant association with all periodontal parameters using multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the evaluation of salivary antioxidant activities, as assessed by electron spin resonance, are associated with periodontitis and various clinical variables in community-dwelling participants (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01742728).