António M Antunes1, José A Maia2, Élvio R Gouveia1, Martine A Thomis3, Johan A Lefevre3, Alexandra Q Teixeira1, Duarte L Freitas1,4. 1. a Department of Physical Education and Sports , University of Madeira , Funchal , Portugal . 2. b CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal . 3. c KU Leuven, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology , Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group , Leuven , Belgium , and. 4. d Department of Mathematical Sciences , University of Essex , Colchester , UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The knowledge about intra- and inter-individual variation can stimulate attempts at description, interpretation and prediction of motor co-ordination (MC). AIM: To analyse change, stability and prediction of motor co-ordination (MC) in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 158 children, 83 boys and 75 girls, aged 6, 7 and 8 years, were evaluated in 2006 and re-evaluated in 2012 at 12, 13 and 14 years of age. MC was assessed through the Kiphard-Schilling's body co-ordination test and growth, skeletal maturity, physical fitness, fundamental motor skills (FMS), physical activity and socioeconomic status (SES) were measured and/or estimated. RESULTS: Repeated-measures MANOVA indicated that there was a significant effect of group, sex and time on a linear combination of the MC tests. Univariate tests revealed that group 3 (8-14 years) scored significantly better than group 1 (6-12 years) in all MC tests and boys performed better than girls in hopping for height and moving sideways. Scores in MC were also higher at follow-up than at baseline. Inter-age correlations for MC were between 0.15-0.74. Childhood predictors of MC were growth, physical fitness, FMS, physical activity and SES. Biological maturation did not contribute to prediction of MC. CONCLUSION: MC seemed moderately stable from childhood through adolescence and, additionally, inter-individual predictors at adolescence were growth, FMS, physical fitness, physical activity and SES.
BACKGROUND: The knowledge about intra- and inter-individual variation can stimulate attempts at description, interpretation and prediction of motor co-ordination (MC). AIM: To analyse change, stability and prediction of motor co-ordination (MC) in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 158 children, 83 boys and 75 girls, aged 6, 7 and 8 years, were evaluated in 2006 and re-evaluated in 2012 at 12, 13 and 14 years of age. MC was assessed through the Kiphard-Schilling's body co-ordination test and growth, skeletal maturity, physical fitness, fundamental motor skills (FMS), physical activity and socioeconomic status (SES) were measured and/or estimated. RESULTS: Repeated-measures MANOVA indicated that there was a significant effect of group, sex and time on a linear combination of the MC tests. Univariate tests revealed that group 3 (8-14 years) scored significantly better than group 1 (6-12 years) in all MC tests and boys performed better than girls in hopping for height and moving sideways. Scores in MC were also higher at follow-up than at baseline. Inter-age correlations for MC were between 0.15-0.74. Childhood predictors of MC were growth, physical fitness, FMS, physical activity and SES. Biological maturation did not contribute to prediction of MC. CONCLUSION:MC seemed moderately stable from childhood through adolescence and, additionally, inter-individual predictors at adolescence were growth, FMS, physical fitness, physical activity and SES.
Authors: Einat A Schmutz; Claudia S Leeger-Aschmann; Tanja H Kakebeeke; Annina E Zysset; Nadine Messerli-Bürgy; Kerstin Stülb; Amar Arhab; Andrea H Meyer; Simone Munsch; Jardena J Puder; Oskar G Jenni; Susi Kriemler Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2020-02-21