Samantha C W Chan1,2, Jochen Walser3, Stephen J Ferguson3, Benjamin Gantenbein4. 1. Tissue and Organ Mechanobiology, Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014, Bern, Switzerland. samantha.chan@empa.ch. 2. Biointerfaces, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St Gallen, Switzerland. samantha.chan@empa.ch. 3. Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. 4. Tissue and Organ Mechanobiology, Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014, Bern, Switzerland.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Mechanical loading is an important parameter that alters the homeostasis of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Studies have demonstrated the role of compression in altering the cellular metabolism, anabolic and catabolic events of the disc, but little is known how complex loading such as torsion-compression affects the IVD cell metabolism and matrix homeostasis. Studying how the duration of torsion affects disc matrix turnover could provide guidelines to prevent overuse injury to the disc and suggest possible beneficial effect of torsion. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biological response of the IVD to different durations of torsional loading. METHODS: Intact bovine caudal IVD were isolated for organ culture in a bioreactor. Different daily durations of torsion were applied over 7 days at a physiological magnitude (±2°) in combination with 0.2 MPa compression, at a frequency of 1 Hz. RESULTS: Nucleus pulpous (NP) cell viability and total disc volume decreased with 8 h of torsion-compression per day. Gene expression analysis suggested a down-regulated MMP13 with increased time of torsion. 1 and 4 h per day torsion-compression tended to increase the glycosaminoglycans/hydroxyproline ratio in the NP tissue group. CONCLUSIONS: Our result suggests that load duration thresholds exist in both torsion and compression with an optimal load duration capable of promoting matrix synthesis and overloading can be harmful to disc cells. Future research is required to evaluate the specific mechanisms for these observed effects.
PURPOSE: Mechanical loading is an important parameter that alters the homeostasis of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Studies have demonstrated the role of compression in altering the cellular metabolism, anabolic and catabolic events of the disc, but little is known how complex loading such as torsion-compression affects the IVD cell metabolism and matrix homeostasis. Studying how the duration of torsion affects disc matrix turnover could provide guidelines to prevent overuse injury to the disc and suggest possible beneficial effect of torsion. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biological response of the IVD to different durations of torsional loading. METHODS: Intact bovine caudal IVD were isolated for organ culture in a bioreactor. Different daily durations of torsion were applied over 7 days at a physiological magnitude (±2°) in combination with 0.2 MPa compression, at a frequency of 1 Hz. RESULTS: Nucleus pulpous (NP) cell viability and total disc volume decreased with 8 h of torsion-compression per day. Gene expression analysis suggested a down-regulated MMP13 with increased time of torsion. 1 and 4 h per day torsion-compression tended to increase the glycosaminoglycans/hydroxyproline ratio in the NP tissue group. CONCLUSIONS: Our result suggests that load duration thresholds exist in both torsion and compression with an optimal load duration capable of promoting matrix synthesis and overloading can be harmful to disc cells. Future research is required to evaluate the specific mechanisms for these observed effects.
Authors: Janessa D M Drake; Crystal D Aultman; Stuart M McGill; Jack P Callaghan Journal: Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) Date: 2005-08-10 Impact factor: 2.063
Authors: D J Mundt; J L Kelsey; A L Golden; M M Panjabi; H Pastides; A T Berg; J Sklar; T Hosea Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 1993 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Ana Barbir; Karolyn E Godburn; Arthur J Michalek; Alon Lai; Robert D Monsey; James C Iatridis Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Date: 2011-04-15 Impact factor: 3.468
Authors: Benjamin Gantenbein; Svenja Illien-Jünger; Samantha C W Chan; Jochen Walser; Lisbet Haglund; Stephen J Ferguson; James C Iatridis; Sibylle Grad Journal: Curr Stem Cell Res Ther Date: 2015 Impact factor: 3.828
Authors: Cornelis P L Paul; Tom Schoorl; Hendrik A Zuiderbaan; Behrouz Zandieh Doulabi; Albert J van der Veen; Peter M van de Ven; Theo H Smit; Barend J van Royen; Marco N Helder; Margriet G Mullender Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-04-30 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Victoria Drapal; Jordan M Gamble; Jennifer L Robinson; Candan Tamerler; Paul M Arnold; Elizabeth A Friis Journal: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater Date: 2021-09-12 Impact factor: 3.405