OBJECTIVES: The human population history from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego has been of great interest in the context of the American peopling. Different sources of evidence have contributed to the characterization of the local populations, but some main questions about their history remain unsolved. Among the native populations, two marine hunter-gatherers groups inhabited the Patagonian channels below the 478S: Kawéskar and Yámana. Regardless of their geographical proximity and cultural resemblance, their languages were mutually unintelligible. In this study we aim to evaluate the genetic diversity of uniparental genetic markers in both groups and to test if there is a high genetic differentiation between them, mirroring their linguistic differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ancient DNA was extracted from 37 samples from both populations. We compared their genetic variability of their mitochondrial lineages and Y-STR as well as with other modern native populations from the area and further north. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We observed an important differentiation in their maternal lineages: while Kawéskar shows a high frequency of D (80%), Yámana shows a high frequency of C (90%). The analysis of paternal lineages reveals the presence of only Q1a2a1a1 and little variation was found between individuals. Both groups show very low levels of genetic diversity compared with modern populations. We also notice shared and unique mitochondrial DNA variants between modern and ancient samples of Kawéskar and Yámana.
OBJECTIVES: The human population history from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego has been of great interest in the context of the American peopling. Different sources of evidence have contributed to the characterization of the local populations, but some main questions about their history remain unsolved. Among the native populations, two marine hunter-gatherers groups inhabited the Patagonian channels below the 478S: Kawéskar and Yámana. Regardless of their geographical proximity and cultural resemblance, their languages were mutually unintelligible. In this study we aim to evaluate the genetic diversity of uniparental genetic markers in both groups and to test if there is a high genetic differentiation between them, mirroring their linguistic differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ancient DNA was extracted from 37 samples from both populations. We compared their genetic variability of their mitochondrial lineages and Y-STR as well as with other modern native populations from the area and further north. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We observed an important differentiation in their maternal lineages: while Kawéskar shows a high frequency of D (80%), Yámana shows a high frequency of C (90%). The analysis of paternal lineages reveals the presence of only Q1a2a1a1 and little variation was found between individuals. Both groups show very low levels of genetic diversity compared with modern populations. We also notice shared and unique mitochondrial DNA variants between modern and ancient samples of Kawéskar and Yámana.
Authors: Constanza de la Fuente; María C Ávila-Arcos; Jacqueline Galimany; Meredith L Carpenter; Julian R Homburger; Alejandro Blanco; Paloma Contreras; Diana Cruz Dávalos; Omar Reyes; Manuel San Roman; Andrés Moreno-Estrada; Paula F Campos; Celeste Eng; Scott Huntsman; Esteban G Burchard; Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas; Carlos D Bustamante; Eske Willerslev; Elena Llop; Ricardo A Verdugo; Mauricio Moraga Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2018-04-09 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Xavier Roca-Rada; Gustavo Politis; Pablo G Messineo; Nahuel Scheifler; Clara Scabuzzo; Mariela González; Kelly M Harkins; David Reich; Yassine Souilmi; João C Teixeira; Bastien Llamas; Lars Fehren-Schmitz Journal: iScience Date: 2021-05-19
Authors: Nathan Nakatsuka; Pierre Luisi; Rodrigo Nores; David Reich; Josefina M B Motti; Mónica Salemme; Fernando Santiago; Manuel D D'Angelo Del Campo; Rodrigo J Vecchi; Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla; Alfredo Prieto; Nicole Adamski; Ann Marie Lawson; Thomas K Harper; Brendan J Culleton; Douglas J Kennett; Carles Lalueza-Fox; Swapan Mallick; Nadin Rohland; Ricardo A Guichón; Graciela S Cabana Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2020-08-03 Impact factor: 14.919