Gisela Sugranyes1, Elena de la Serna2, Soledad Romero2, Vanessa Sanchez-Gistau3, Anna Calvo4, Dolores Moreno5, Inmaculada Baeza3, Covadonga M Diaz-Caneja6, Teresa Sanchez-Gutierrez6, Joost Janssen5, Nuria Bargallo7, Josefina Castro-Fornieles8. 1. August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, and Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona. Electronic address: gernest@clinic.cat. 2. Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, and Biomedical Research Network Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid. 3. IDIBAPS, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, and CIBERSAM. 4. IDIBAPS and Biomedical Research Network Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Grupo de Imagen Biomédica de la Universidad de Barcelona (GIB-UB). 5. CIBERSAM and Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid. 6. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid. 7. IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, and Image Diagnosis Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. 8. IDIBAPS, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, and CIBERSAM; University of Barcelona.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There is increasing support toward the notion that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share neurodevelopmental underpinnings, although areas of divergence remain. We set out to examine gray matter volume characteristics of child and adolescent offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder comparatively. METHOD: In this 2-center study, magnetic resonance structural neuroimaging data were acquired in 198 children and adolescents (aged 6-17 years): 38 offspring of patients with schizophrenia, 77 offspring of patients with bipolar disorder, and 83 offspring of community controls. Analyses of global brain volumes and voxel-based morphometry (using familywise error correction) were conducted. RESULTS: There was an effect of group on total cerebral gray matter volume (F = 3.26, p = .041), driven by a decrease in offspring of patients with schizophrenia relative to offspring of controls (p = .035). At a voxel-based level, we observed an effect of group in the left inferior frontal cortex/anterior insula (F = 14.7, p < .001), which was driven by gray matter volume reduction in offspring of patients with schizophrenia relative to both offspring of controls (p = .044) and of patients with bipolar disorder (p < .001). No differences were observed between offspring of patients with bipolar disorder and offspring of controls in either global or voxel-based gray matter volumes. CONCLUSION: This first comparative study between offspring of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder suggests that gray matter volume reduction in childhood and adolescence may be specific to offspring of patients with schizophrenia; this may index a greater neurodevelopmental impact of risk for schizophrenia relative to bipolar disorder during youth.
OBJECTIVE: There is increasing support toward the notion that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share neurodevelopmental underpinnings, although areas of divergence remain. We set out to examine gray matter volume characteristics of child and adolescent offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder comparatively. METHOD: In this 2-center study, magnetic resonance structural neuroimaging data were acquired in 198 children and adolescents (aged 6-17 years): 38 offspring of patients with schizophrenia, 77 offspring of patients with bipolar disorder, and 83 offspring of community controls. Analyses of global brain volumes and voxel-based morphometry (using familywise error correction) were conducted. RESULTS: There was an effect of group on total cerebral gray matter volume (F = 3.26, p = .041), driven by a decrease in offspring of patients with schizophrenia relative to offspring of controls (p = .035). At a voxel-based level, we observed an effect of group in the left inferior frontal cortex/anterior insula (F = 14.7, p < .001), which was driven by gray matter volume reduction in offspring of patients with schizophrenia relative to both offspring of controls (p = .044) and of patients with bipolar disorder (p < .001). No differences were observed between offspring of patients with bipolar disorder and offspring of controls in either global or voxel-based gray matter volumes. CONCLUSION: This first comparative study between offspring of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder suggests that gray matter volume reduction in childhood and adolescence may be specific to offspring of patients with schizophrenia; this may index a greater neurodevelopmental impact of risk for schizophrenia relative to bipolar disorder during youth.
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