Rebecka Hjort1, Lars Alfredsson2, Per-Ola Carlsson3, Leif Groop4, Mats Martinell5, Petter Storm4, Tiinamaija Tuomi6,7,8, Sofia Carlsson9. 1. Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. rebecka.hjort@ki.se. 2. Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 4. Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. 5. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 6. Division of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 7. Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine and Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 9. Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to investigate the association between birthweight and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), a common diabetes form with features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We used data from the Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes (ESTRID), a Swedish population-based study. Eligible for the analysis were 134 incident LADA cases (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody [GADA] positive), 350 incident type 2 diabetes cases (GADA negative) and 603 randomly selected controls. We present ORs and 95% CIs for LADA and type 2 diabetes in relation to birthweight, adjusted for sex, age, BMI and family history of diabetes. RESULTS: Low birthweight increased the risk of LADA as well as the risk of type 2 diabetes; OR per kg reduction was estimated as 1.52 (95% CI 1.12, 2.08) and 1.58 (1.23, 2.04), respectively. The OR for participants weighing <3 kg compared with ≥4 kg at birth was estimated as 2.38 (1.23, 4.60) for LADA and 2.37 (1.37, 4.10) for type 2 diabetes. A combination of low birthweight (<3 kg) and current overweight (BMI ≥ 25) further augmented the risk: LADA, OR 3.26 (1.69, 6.29); and type 2 diabetes, OR 39.93 (19.27, 82.71). Family history of diabetes had little impact on these estimates. CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that low birthweight may be a risk factor for LADA of the same strength as for type 2 diabetes. These findings support LADA, despite its autoimmune component, having an aetiology that includes factors related to type 2 diabetes.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to investigate the association between birthweight and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), a common diabetes form with features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We used data from the Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes (ESTRID), a Swedish population-based study. Eligible for the analysis were 134 incident LADA cases (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody [GADA] positive), 350 incident type 2 diabetes cases (GADA negative) and 603 randomly selected controls. We present ORs and 95% CIs for LADA and type 2 diabetes in relation to birthweight, adjusted for sex, age, BMI and family history of diabetes. RESULTS: Low birthweight increased the risk of LADA as well as the risk of type 2 diabetes; OR per kg reduction was estimated as 1.52 (95% CI 1.12, 2.08) and 1.58 (1.23, 2.04), respectively. The OR for participants weighing <3 kg compared with ≥4 kg at birth was estimated as 2.38 (1.23, 4.60) for LADA and 2.37 (1.37, 4.10) for type 2 diabetes. A combination of low birthweight (<3 kg) and current overweight (BMI ≥ 25) further augmented the risk: LADA, OR 3.26 (1.69, 6.29); and type 2 diabetes, OR 39.93 (19.27, 82.71). Family history of diabetes had little impact on these estimates. CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that low birthweight may be a risk factor for LADA of the same strength as for type 2 diabetes. These findings support LADA, despite its autoimmune component, having an aetiology that includes factors related to type 2 diabetes.
Entities:
Keywords:
BMI; Birthweight; Case–control study; Interaction; LADA; Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; Type 2 diabetes
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