Shivaprasad S Goudar1, Richard J Derman2, Narayan V Honnungar1, Kamal P Patil1, Mallaiah K Swamy1, Janet Moore3, Dennis D Wallace3, Elizabeth M McClure4, Bhalchandra S Kodkany1, Omrana Pasha5, Nancy L Sloan2, Linda L Wright6, Robert L Goldenberg7. 1. Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India. 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Christiana Care Health Services, Newark, DE, USA. 3. Social, Statistical, and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA. 4. Social, Statistical, and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA. mcclure@rti.org. 5. Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. 6. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA. 7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether community mobilization and interventions to improve emergency obstetric and newborn care reduced perinatal mortality (PMR) and neonatal mortality rates (NMR) in Belgaum, India. METHODS: The cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted in Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India. Twenty geographic clusters were randomized to control or the intervention. The intervention engaged and mobilized community and health authorities to leverage support; strengthened community-based stabilization, referral, and transportation; and aimed to improve quality of care at facilities. RESULTS: 17,754 Intervention births and 15,954 control births weighing ≥1000 g, respectively, were enrolled and analysed. Comparing the baseline period to the last 6 months period, the NMR was lower in the intervention versus control clusters (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.34-1.06, p = 0.076) as was the PMR (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.46-1.19, p = 0.20) although neither reached statistical significance. Rates of facility birth and caesarean section increased among both groups. There was limited influence on quality of care measures. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: The intervention had large but not statistically significant effects on neonatal and perinatal mortality. Community mobilization and increased facility care may ultimately improve neonatal and perinatal survival, and are important in the context of the global transition towards institutional delivery.
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether community mobilization and interventions to improve emergency obstetric and newborn care reduced perinatal mortality (PMR) and neonatal mortality rates (NMR) in Belgaum, India. METHODS: The cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted in Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India. Twenty geographic clusters were randomized to control or the intervention. The intervention engaged and mobilized community and health authorities to leverage support; strengthened community-based stabilization, referral, and transportation; and aimed to improve quality of care at facilities. RESULTS: 17,754 Intervention births and 15,954 control births weighing ≥1000 g, respectively, were enrolled and analysed. Comparing the baseline period to the last 6 months period, the NMR was lower in the intervention versus control clusters (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.34-1.06, p = 0.076) as was the PMR (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.46-1.19, p = 0.20) although neither reached statistical significance. Rates of facility birth and caesarean section increased among both groups. There was limited influence on quality of care measures. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: The intervention had large but not statistically significant effects on neonatal and perinatal mortality. Community mobilization and increased facility care may ultimately improve neonatal and perinatal survival, and are important in the context of the global transition towards institutional delivery.
Entities:
Keywords:
Community mobilization; Emergency obstetric and newborn care; India; Neonatal mortality; Perinatal mortality; Quality of care
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