Yinan Hua1, Sidney Y Ren1, Rui Guo1, Olivia Rogers1, Rama P Nair2, Debasis Bagchi3,4, Anand Swaroop4, Sreejayan Nair1. 1. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA. 2. Research & Development Division, Nutriwyo LLC, Laramie, WY, USA. 3. Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. 4. Research & Development Division, Cepham Inc, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Abstract
SCOPE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek furostanolic saponins (Fenfuro(TM) ) either alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid (GCB-70(TM) ) on insulin resistance in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) and were randomly assigned to receive Fenfuro(TM) , GCB-70(TM) , or their combination for 24 wk. Metabolic parameters, glucose tolerance, serum triglycerides, cardiac function, and hepatic insulin signaling were evaluated using indirect open-circuit calorimetry, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, oil red O staining, echocardiography, and Western blotting, respectively. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed glucose intolerance in the mice receiving HFD, which was attenuated by Fenfuro(TM) . Serum triglyceride that was elevated following an HFD was reconciled by both Fenfuro(TM) and the combination. HFD compromised myocardial contractile function, which was unaffected by the treatment. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Protein kinase B (AKT) in the liver was attenuated in mice receiving HFD, which was partially rescued by GCB-70(TM) . Neither treatment altered metabolic parameters or energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data suggest that fenugreek furostanolic saponins and green coffee bean extract may have potential benefits in treating insulin resistance and related conditions.
SCOPE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreekfurostanolic saponins (Fenfuro(TM) ) either alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid (GCB-70(TM) ) on insulin resistance in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) and were randomly assigned to receive Fenfuro(TM) , GCB-70(TM) , or their combination for 24 wk. Metabolic parameters, glucose tolerance, serum triglycerides, cardiac function, and hepatic insulin signaling were evaluated using indirect open-circuit calorimetry, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, oil red O staining, echocardiography, and Western blotting, respectively. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed glucose intolerance in the mice receiving HFD, which was attenuated by Fenfuro(TM) . Serum triglyceride that was elevated following an HFD was reconciled by both Fenfuro(TM) and the combination. HFD compromised myocardial contractile function, which was unaffected by the treatment. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Protein kinase B (AKT) in the liver was attenuated in mice receiving HFD, which was partially rescued by GCB-70(TM) . Neither treatment altered metabolic parameters or energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data suggest that fenugreekfurostanolic saponins and green coffee bean extract may have potential benefits in treating insulin resistance and related conditions.