Justin M Haller1, Robert O'Toole2, Matthew Graves3, David Barei4, Michael Gardner5, Erik Kubiak6, Jason Nascone7, Sean Nork8, Angela P Presson9, Thomas F Higgins10. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States. Electronic address: Justin.haller@hsc.utah.edu. 2. R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. Electronic address: rvo3@yahoo.com. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, United States. Electronic address: mattgraves1@gmail.com. 4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98014, United States. Electronic address: barei@uw.edu. 5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States. Electronic address: gardnerm@wudosis.wustl.edu. 6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States. Electronic address: erik.kubiak@hsc.utah.edu. 7. R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. Electronic address: Jnascone@umoa.umm.edu. 8. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98014, United States. Electronic address: nork@uw.edu. 9. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States. Electronic address: angela.presson@hsc.utah.edu. 10. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States. Electronic address: thomas.higgins@hsc.utah.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: While there is conflicting evidence regarding the importance of anatomic reduction for tibial plateau fractures, there are currently no studies that analyse our ability to grade reduction based on fluoroscopic imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of fluoroscopy in judging tibial plateau articular reduction. METHODS: Ten embalmed human cadavers were selected. The lateral plateau was sagitally sectioned, and the joint was reduced under direct visualization. Lateral, anterior-posterior (AP), and joint line fluoroscopic views were obtained. The same fluoroscopic views were obtained with 2mm displacement and 5mm displacement. The images were randomised, and eight orthopaedic traumatologists were asked whether the plateau was reduced. Within each pair of conditions (view and displacement from 0mm to 5mm) sensitivity, specificity, and intraclass correlations (ICC) were evaluated. RESULTS: The AP-lateral view with 5mm displacement yielded the highest accuracy for detecting reduction at 90% (95% CI: 83-94%). For the other conditions, accuracy ranged from (37-83%). Sensitivity was highest for the reduced lateral view (79%, 95% CI: 57-91%). Specificity was highest in the AP-lateral view 98% (95% CI: 93-99%) for 5mm step-off. ICC was perfect for the AP-lateral view with 5mm displacement, but otherwise agreement ranged from poor to moderate at ICC=0.09-0.46. Finally, there was no additional benefit to including the joint-line view with the AP and lateral views. CONCLUSION: Using both AP and lateral views for 5mm displacement had the highest accuracy, specificity, and ICC. Outside of this scenario, agreement was poor to moderate and accuracy was low. Applying this clinically, direct visualization of the articular surface may be necessary to ensure malreduction less than 5mm.
INTRODUCTION: While there is conflicting evidence regarding the importance of anatomic reduction for tibial plateau fractures, there are currently no studies that analyse our ability to grade reduction based on fluoroscopic imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of fluoroscopy in judging tibial plateau articular reduction. METHODS: Ten embalmed human cadavers were selected. The lateral plateau was sagitally sectioned, and the joint was reduced under direct visualization. Lateral, anterior-posterior (AP), and joint line fluoroscopic views were obtained. The same fluoroscopic views were obtained with 2mm displacement and 5mm displacement. The images were randomised, and eight orthopaedic traumatologists were asked whether the plateau was reduced. Within each pair of conditions (view and displacement from 0mm to 5mm) sensitivity, specificity, and intraclass correlations (ICC) were evaluated. RESULTS: The AP-lateral view with 5mm displacement yielded the highest accuracy for detecting reduction at 90% (95% CI: 83-94%). For the other conditions, accuracy ranged from (37-83%). Sensitivity was highest for the reduced lateral view (79%, 95% CI: 57-91%). Specificity was highest in the AP-lateral view 98% (95% CI: 93-99%) for 5mm step-off. ICC was perfect for the AP-lateral view with 5mm displacement, but otherwise agreement ranged from poor to moderate at ICC=0.09-0.46. Finally, there was no additional benefit to including the joint-line view with the AP and lateral views. CONCLUSION: Using both AP and lateral views for 5mm displacement had the highest accuracy, specificity, and ICC. Outside of this scenario, agreement was poor to moderate and accuracy was low. Applying this clinically, direct visualization of the articular surface may be necessary to ensure malreduction less than 5mm.
Authors: Ion Carrera; Pablo Eduardo Gelber; Gaetan Chary; Miguel A González-Ballester; Juan Carlos Monllau; Jerome Noailly Journal: Int Orthop Date: 2016-01-16 Impact factor: 3.075