Expanding the p53 regulatory network: LncRNAs take up the challenge.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are rapidly emerging as important regulators of gene expression in a wide variety of physiological and pathological cellular processes. In particular, a number of studies revealed that some lncRNAs participate in the p53 pathway, the unquestioned protagonist of tumor suppressor response. Indeed, several lncRNAs are not only part of the large pool of genes coordinated by p53 transcription factor, but are also required by p53 to fine-tune its response and to fully accomplish its tumor suppressor program. In this review we will discuss the current and fast growing knowledge about the contribution of lncRNAs to the complexity of the p53 network, the different mechanisms by which they affect gene regulation in this context, and their involvement in cancer. The incipient impact of lncRNAs in the p53 biological response may encourage the development of therapies and diagnostic methods focused on these noncoding molecules. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy1, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa.