Manuela G Neuman1, Lawrence B Cohen2, Radu M Nanau1. 1. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, CEO In Vitro Drug Safety & BioTechnology, Banting Institute, 100 College Street, Lab 217, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada. 2. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, CEO In Vitro Drug Safety & BioTechnology, Banting Institute, 100 College Street, Lab 217, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada; Sunnybrook HSC, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Chronic liver diseases may cause inflammation and progressive scarring, over time leading to irreversible hepatic damage (cirrhosis). As a result, the need to assess and closely monitor individuals for risk factors of components of matrix deposition and degradation, as well as the severity of the fibrosis using biomarkers, has been increasingly recognized. AIM: Our aim is to review the use of biomarker for diagnosing and defining the severity of liver fibrosis. METHODS: A systematic literature review was done using the terms "hyaluronic acid" and "liver fibrosis" as well as the name of each biomarker or algorithm known to be employed. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched, and English language articles indexed between January 2010 and October 2014 in which HA was used as a marker of liver fibrosis were retrieved, regardless of the underlying liver disease. Each author read the publications separately and the results were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: Biomarkers offer a potential prognostic or diagnostic indicator for disease manifestation, progression, or both. Serum biomarkers, including HA, have been used for many years. Emerging biomarkers such as metalloproteinases have been proposed as tools that provide valuable complementary information to that obtained from traditional biomarkers. Moreover, markers of extracellular matrix degradation provide powerful predictions of risk. In order for biomarkers to be clinically useful in accurately diagnosing and treating disorders, age-specific reference intervals that account for differences in gender and ethnic origin are a necessity. CONCLUSIONS: This review attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the emerging risk biomarkers of liver fibrosis and to describe the clinical significance and analytical considerations of each biomarker pointing out sentinel features of disease progression.
UNLABELLED: Chronic liver diseases may cause inflammation and progressive scarring, over time leading to irreversible hepatic damage (cirrhosis). As a result, the need to assess and closely monitor individuals for risk factors of components of matrix deposition and degradation, as well as the severity of the fibrosis using biomarkers, has been increasingly recognized. AIM: Our aim is to review the use of biomarker for diagnosing and defining the severity of liver fibrosis. METHODS: A systematic literature review was done using the terms "hyaluronic acid" and "liver fibrosis" as well as the name of each biomarker or algorithm known to be employed. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched, and English language articles indexed between January 2010 and October 2014 in which HA was used as a marker of liver fibrosis were retrieved, regardless of the underlying liver disease. Each author read the publications separately and the results were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: Biomarkers offer a potential prognostic or diagnostic indicator for disease manifestation, progression, or both. Serum biomarkers, including HA, have been used for many years. Emerging biomarkers such as metalloproteinases have been proposed as tools that provide valuable complementary information to that obtained from traditional biomarkers. Moreover, markers of extracellular matrix degradation provide powerful predictions of risk. In order for biomarkers to be clinically useful in accurately diagnosing and treating disorders, age-specific reference intervals that account for differences in gender and ethnic origin are a necessity. CONCLUSIONS: This review attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the emerging risk biomarkers of liver fibrosis and to describe the clinical significance and analytical considerations of each biomarker pointing out sentinel features of disease progression.
Authors: Yoon Mee Yang; Mazen Noureddin; Cheng Liu; Koichiro Ohashi; So Yeon Kim; Divya Ramnath; Elizabeth E Powell; Matthew J Sweet; Yoon Seok Roh; I-Fang Hsin; Nan Deng; Zhenqiu Liu; Jiurong Liang; Edward Mena; Daniel Shouhed; Robert F Schwabe; Dianhua Jiang; Shelly C Lu; Paul W Noble; Ekihiro Seki Journal: Sci Transl Med Date: 2019-06-12 Impact factor: 17.956
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