Hemostastic embolization in oncology.

Several mechanisms predispose to bleeding in neoplastic disease. This is all the more serious as it often occurs on a background of medically vulnerable patients and the magnitude of the bleed may lead to hemorrhagic shock or acute respiratory distress as a result of hemoptysis. It often carries a poor prognosis, even if the acute episode has been controlled, as bleeding due to rupture of a tumor often indicates an advanced stage of the disease, and also because tumor rupture carries a risk of metastatic spread including peritoneal carcinomatosis. The risk of recurrent bleeding is also not insignificant. In most cases, endovascular hemostatic embolization is the first line palliative treatment.