Hypoxia modulates innate immune factors: A review.

Hypoxia is an important factor for transcriptional regulation of cell metabolism and the adaptation to cellular stress. It modulates the function of phagocytic cells by stimulating surface receptors such as scavenger receptors, toll like receptors and their downstream signaling cascades. In response to hypoxia, innate immune modifiers are upregulated through pathways involving the key immune response master regulator nuclear factor-κB leading to the modulation of inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we highlighted the effects of hypoxia on different innate immune factors and consequences thereof.