Alana M Rojewski1, Meghan E Morean2, Benjamin A Toll3, Sherry A McKee4, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin5, Barry G Green6, Linda M Bartoshuk7, Stephanie S O'Malley8. 1. Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, 135 Cannon Street, MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Long Wharf Drive, Box 18, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. 2. Oberlin College, 120 W. Lorain St., Oberlin, OH 44074, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Electronic address: meghan.morean@oberlin.edu. 3. Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Public Health Sciences, 135 Cannon Street, MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Long Wharf Drive, Box 18, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425. 4. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 2 Church Street South, Suite 109, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. 5. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. 6. The John B. Pierce Laboratory, 290 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. 7. The University of Florida, Food Science and Human Nutrition, 572 Newell Dr., P.O. Box 110370, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0370, USA. 8. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The current study presents a psychometric evaluation of the Yale Craving Scale (YCS), a novel measure of craving for cigarettes and alcohol, respectively. The YCS is the first craving measure to use a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) as the scoring format, which facilitates between-group comparisons of subjective craving and eliminates ceiling effects by assessing the full range of imaginable sensation intensities. METHODS: Psychometric evaluations of the YCS for use with cigarettes (YCS Smoking) and alcohol (YCS Drinking) included assessments of latent factor structure, internal consistency, ceiling effects, and test-criterion relationships. Study samples included 493 treatment-seeking smokers and 213 heavy drinkers. RESULTS: Factor analyses of the 5-item YCS Smoking and Drinking scores confirmed a 1-factor scale. The YCS Smoking and Drinking scores evidenced: (1) good internal consistency, (2) scalar measurement invariance within several subgroups (e.g., smoking/drinking status; nicotine/alcohol dependence), (3) convergent relationships with extant craving measures, and (4) concurrent relationships with smoking/drinking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the YCS represents a psychometrically sound scale for assessing smoking and drinking urges in dependent populations.
INTRODUCTION: The current study presents a psychometric evaluation of the Yale Craving Scale (YCS), a novel measure of craving for cigarettes and alcohol, respectively. The YCS is the first craving measure to use a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) as the scoring format, which facilitates between-group comparisons of subjective craving and eliminates ceiling effects by assessing the full range of imaginable sensation intensities. METHODS: Psychometric evaluations of the YCS for use with cigarettes (YCS Smoking) and alcohol (YCS Drinking) included assessments of latent factor structure, internal consistency, ceiling effects, and test-criterion relationships. Study samples included 493 treatment-seeking smokers and 213 heavy drinkers. RESULTS: Factor analyses of the 5-item YCS Smoking and Drinking scores confirmed a 1-factor scale. The YCS Smoking and Drinking scores evidenced: (1) good internal consistency, (2) scalar measurement invariance within several subgroups (e.g., smoking/drinking status; nicotine/alcohol dependence), (3) convergent relationships with extant craving measures, and (4) concurrent relationships with smoking/drinking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the YCS represents a psychometrically sound scale for assessing smoking and drinking urges in dependent populations.
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