Paulette D Chandler1, Lu Wang2, Xi Zhang2, Howard D Sesso2, Manickavasagar V Moorthy2, Obiageli Obi2, Joshua Lewis2, Richard L Prince2, Jacqueline S Danik2, JoAnn E Manson2, Meryl S LeBoff2, Yiqing Song2. 1. P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. pchandler@partners.org. 2. P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
CONTEXT: The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for literature published from 1966 to March 2014. STUDY SELECTION: A systematic search was conducted for randomized clinical trials with ≥ 50 participants aged ≥ 18 years at baseline who had received at least 12 weeks of treatment. Among the inclusion criteria were supplementation with vitamin D with or without calcium and measurement of adiposity (weight, body mass index [BMI], and/or fat mass). DATA EXTRACTION: The primary endpoints assessed were changes in weight, BMI, or fat mass. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 953 trials identified, 26 randomized clinical trials (n = 12, vitamin D alone; n = 10, vitamin D plus calcium versus calcium control; n = 4, vitamin D plus calcium versus placebo) with a total of 42,430 participants (median duration, 12 months) met the inclusion criteria. When compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on BMI (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.06 kg/m(2); 95% confidence interval [95%CI], -0.14 to 0.03), weight (WMD, -0.05 kg; 95%CI, -0.32 to 0.23), or fat mass (WMD, -0.43 kg; 95%CI, -1.69 to 0.84). Likewise, no significant reduction in BMI (WMD, 0.02 kg/m(2); 95%CI, -0.11 to 0.14), weight (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.24 to 0.49), or fat mass (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.22 to 0.45) was observed in participants who received vitamin D plus calcium compared with those who received calcium control. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults.
CONTEXT: The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for literature published from 1966 to March 2014. STUDY SELECTION: A systematic search was conducted for randomized clinical trials with ≥ 50 participants aged ≥ 18 years at baseline who had received at least 12 weeks of treatment. Among the inclusion criteria were supplementation with vitamin D with or without calcium and measurement of adiposity (weight, body mass index [BMI], and/or fat mass). DATA EXTRACTION: The primary endpoints assessed were changes in weight, BMI, or fat mass. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 953 trials identified, 26 randomized clinical trials (n = 12, vitamin D alone; n = 10, vitamin D plus calcium versus calcium control; n = 4, vitamin D plus calcium versus placebo) with a total of 42,430 participants (median duration, 12 months) met the inclusion criteria. When compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on BMI (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.06 kg/m(2); 95% confidence interval [95%CI], -0.14 to 0.03), weight (WMD, -0.05 kg; 95%CI, -0.32 to 0.23), or fat mass (WMD, -0.43 kg; 95%CI, -1.69 to 0.84). Likewise, no significant reduction in BMI (WMD, 0.02 kg/m(2); 95%CI, -0.11 to 0.14), weight (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.24 to 0.49), or fat mass (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.22 to 0.45) was observed in participants who received vitamin D plus calcium compared with those who received calcium control. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults.
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