S H O'Brien1, D L Yee2, J Lira3, N A Goldenberg4,5, G Young3. 1. Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. 2. Department of Pediatrics Hematology-Oncology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. 3. Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 4. Division of Hematology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 5. All Children's Research Institute, All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, St Petersburg, FL, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Direct thrombin inhibitors offer potential advantages over unfractionated heparin but have been poorly studied in children. OBJECTIVES: To determine appropriate dosing of bivalirudin in children and adolescents and the relationship between activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma bivalirudin concentration. PATIENTS/ METHODS: The UNBLOCK (UtilizatioN of BivaLirudin On Clots in Kids) study was an open-label, single-arm, dose-finding, pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy study of bivalirudin for the acute treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children aged 6 months to 18 years. Drug initiation consisted of a bolus dose (0.125 mg kg(-1) ) followed by continuous infusion (0.125 mg kg h(-1) ). Dose adjustments were based on the APTT, targeting a range of 1.5-2.5 times each patient's baseline APTT. Safety was assessed by specific bleeding endpoints and efficacy by repeat imaging at 48-72 h and 25-35 days. RESULTS: Eighteen patients completed the study. Following the bolus dose and the initial infusion rate, most patients' APTT values were within the target range. The infusion rate bivalirudin correlated more closely with drug concentration than the APTT. At 48-72 h, nine (50%) patients had complete or partial thrombus resolution, increasing to 16 (89%) at 25-35 days. No major and one minor bleeding event occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Bivalirudin demonstrated reassuring safety and noteworthy efficacy in terms of early clot resolution in children and adolescents with DVT. Although a widely available and familiar monitoring tool, the APTT correlates poorly with plasma bivalirudin concentration, possibly limiting its utility in managing pediatric patients receiving bivalirudin for DVT.
BACKGROUND: Direct thrombin inhibitors offer potential advantages over unfractionated heparin but have been poorly studied in children. OBJECTIVES: To determine appropriate dosing of bivalirudin in children and adolescents and the relationship between activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma bivalirudin concentration. PATIENTS/ METHODS: The UNBLOCK (UtilizatioN of BivaLirudin On Clots in Kids) study was an open-label, single-arm, dose-finding, pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy study of bivalirudin for the acute treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children aged 6 months to 18 years. Drug initiation consisted of a bolus dose (0.125 mg kg(-1) ) followed by continuous infusion (0.125 mg kg h(-1) ). Dose adjustments were based on the APTT, targeting a range of 1.5-2.5 times each patient's baseline APTT. Safety was assessed by specific bleeding endpoints and efficacy by repeat imaging at 48-72 h and 25-35 days. RESULTS: Eighteen patients completed the study. Following the bolus dose and the initial infusion rate, most patients' APTT values were within the target range. The infusion rate bivalirudin correlated more closely with drug concentration than the APTT. At 48-72 h, nine (50%) patients had complete or partial thrombus resolution, increasing to 16 (89%) at 25-35 days. No major and one minor bleeding event occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Bivalirudin demonstrated reassuring safety and noteworthy efficacy in terms of early clot resolution in children and adolescents with DVT. Although a widely available and familiar monitoring tool, the APTT correlates poorly with plasma bivalirudin concentration, possibly limiting its utility in managing pediatric patients receiving bivalirudin for DVT.
Authors: Dagmar Kubitza; Stefan Willmann; Michael Becka; Kirstin Thelen; Guy Young; Leonardo R Brandão; Paul Monagle; Christoph Male; Anthony Chan; Gili Kennet; Ida Martinelli; Paola Saracco; Anthonie W A Lensing Journal: Thromb J Date: 2018-12-04