Primary rectal lymphoma: A case report and literature review.

One-third of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases are extranodal lymphomas. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common of the extranodal sites. The incidence of primary rectal lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract is very rare, and its clinical presentation is difficult to distinguish from that of rectal carcinoma. In the treatment of primary rectal lymphomas, surgery options have been controversial. Considering this, we report a case of primary rectal lymphoma (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) which disappeared completely following cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, oncovin and prednisolone chemotherapy. This case demonstrates that systemic chemotherapy may be successful for the primary treatment of rectal lymphoma.