Three new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari, Eriophyoidea) from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Three new species of eriophyoid mites from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, are described and illustrated. They are Paracolomerusgonglius sp. n. and Phyllocoptrutabeggerianae sp. n. collected on Rosabeggeriana Schrenk ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. (Rosaceae), and Rhyncaphytoptusfuyuniensis sp. n. collected on Cotoneasterignavus E. L. Wolf (Rosaceae). All eriophyoid mites described here are vagrants on the undersurface of leaves and any apparent damage was not observed.

Introduction

Eriophyoid mites (: ) have been recognized as important pests in agriculture and forestry all over the world (Lindquist et al. 1996). Their stylets are involved in piercing plant cells, injecting saliva into them and sucking cell sap (de Lillo et al. 2002). The saliva causes cytological, biochemical and physiological changes in the pierced plants (de Lillo and Monfreda 2004, Petanović and Kielkiewicz 2010a). PageBreakEriophyoid mites induce plant malformations as galls, complex symptoms or vector pathogens disturbing the normal growth of plants (Petanović and Kielkiewicz 2010b). This is the case of (Pagenstecher), Keifer and (Keifer) which induce erinea, galls or leaf edge curls and cause economic losses to grape, matrimony vine and jujube, respectively, in Xinjiang (Lu and Mao 1990, Zang 1998, Yang et al. 2012). However, about half eriophyoid mite species are vagrants on the surface of leaves and do not cause any apparent damage (Huang 2008, Skoracka et al. 2010, Petanović and Kielkiewicz 2010b). These mites, occurring in a large amount, may cause non-distortive changes and affect the normal growth of the plants (Oldfield 1996). Usually eriophyoids are tiny in size and hard to see with unaided eyes. Sometimes their symptoms can be confused with those due to viruses, nutrient deficiency and physiological disorders (Van Leeuwen et al. 2010). Therefore, it is necessary to study the systematic account of for having a further contribute in better understanding their significance in Agriculture.

Kuang (1995) first explored and reported the eriophyoid mite fauna in Xinjiang. After that, a number of field surveys were conducted in the same area and further 31 species were reported so far. Out of 31 species, 1 species belongs to the family , 2 species belong to the family and 28 species belong to the family (Table 1). The fact that more than 1000 species have been recognized from China (personal data of X.-F. Xue) suggests that many more areas need to be explored more carefully. For this purpose eriophyoid mites were collected by Ji-Wei Li from Tianshan Mountains, Altai Mountains, Farmlands and Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjinag in 2013 and 2014.

Table 1.

List of eriophyoid mites from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Species	Reference
Phytoptidae	Nalepellinae	Nalepellini	Setoptus koraiensis Kuang & Hong, 1995	Xue et al. 2012a: 12.
Eriophyidae	Cecidophyinae	Colomerini	Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher, 1857)	Kuang 1995: 42–43.
			Paracolomerus gonglius sp. n.	This study
	Eriophyinae	Eriophyini	Eriophyes catacardiae Keifer, 1962	Kuang 1995: 47.
		Aceriini	Aceria bromi Kuang & Zhang, 1992	Kuang 1995: 53–54.
			Aceria changjiensis Kuang & Pang, 1997	Kuang and Pang 1997: 230–231.
			Aceria dispar (Nalepa, 1891)	Song et al. 2008: 13.
			Aceria haloxylonis Xue, Zhang, Li & Hong, 2012	Xue et al. 2012b: 203–208.
			Aceria nimia Hall, 1967	Kuang et al. 2005: 29.
			Aceria pallida Keifer, 1964	Hong et al. 2006: 230.
			Aceria tamaricis (Trotter, 1901)	Kuang et al. 2005: 33–34.
			Aceria tosichella Keifer, 1969	Kuang 1995: 64–65.
	Phyllocoptinae	Phyllocoptini	Calepitrimerus alchemillae (Liro, 1940)	Kuang et al. 2005: 58–59.
			Epitrimerus sabinae Xue & Hong, 2005	Xue et al. 2012a: 31.
			Phyllocoptes pyrivagrans Kadono, 1985	Kuang et al. 2005: 68–69.
			Phyllocoptruta beggerianae sp. n.	This study
			Proiectus tabulaeformis Xue, Song, Amrine & Hong, 2007	Xue et al. 2012a: 39.
		Anthocoptini	Aculodes shiheziensis Kuang, Lu & Zhang, 2005	Kuang et al. 2005: 81–82.
			Aculops alopecuroides Kuang, 1998	Kuang 1998: 410–411.
			Aculops salixis Xue, Song & Hong, 2007	Xue et al. 2012a: 41–42.
			Aculus amygdali Xue & Hong, 2005	Xue et al. 2012a: 43.
			Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa, 1890)	Kuang 1995: 120–121.
			Aculus tetanothrix (Nalepa, 1889)	Kuang 1995: 131–132.
			Tegolophus zizyphagus (Keifer, 1939)	Kuang 1995: 146–147.
			Tetra cuihuae Xue, Song & Hong, 2006	Xue et al. 2012a: 54.
			Tetra nitrariae Li, Li, Zhang & Xue, 2014	Li et al. 2014: 348–351.
			Tetra sativae Li, Li, Zhang & Xue, 2014	Li et al. 2014: 339–343.
			Tetra shiheziensis Wang & Lu, 2004	Wang and Lu 2004: 266–267.
			Tetra tianchiensis Li, Li, Zhang & Xue, 2014	Li et al. 2014: 335–339.
			Tetra tianschanicae Li, Li, Zhang & Xue, 2014	Li et al. 2014: 330–334.
			Tetra viciae Li, Li, Zhang & Xue, 2014	Li et al. 2014: 343–348.
Diptilomiopidae	Rhyncaphytoptinae		Rhyncaphytoptus fuyuniensis sp. n.	This study
			Rhyncaphytoptus yilisis Song, Xue & Hong, 2007	Song et al. 2007: 63–65.
			Rhyncaphytoptus ziziphi Kuang, 2005	Kuang et al. 2005: 157–158.

In the present study, we describe 2 new species of the genera and collected on (Fig. 1) and one new species of the genus collected on (Fig. 1), all from Xinjiang. Also, this is the first description of the genus from .

Figure 1.

A Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey B E.L. Wolf.

Materials and methods

Specimens of mites were collected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The morphological terminology used here follows Lindquist (1996). The generic classification of the eriophyoid mites is made according to Amrine et al. (2003), together with the comparison of genera erected after 2003. Specimens were cleared in Keifer’s booster and slides were mounted using modified Berlese medium (Amrine and Manson 1996). The number of measured specimens (n) is given within parentheses in the description. All specimens were examined, measured, taken photos and drawn with the aid of an Olympus Bx61 microscope using phase contrast. The measurements and drawings were based on the methods outlined by de Lillo et al. (2010) and abbreviations follow Amrine et al. (2003). For each species, the holotype female measurement precedes the corresponding range for paratypes (given in parentheses). For males, only ranges are given. All measurements are given in micrometres and are lengths unless specified. Type specimens are deposited at the Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Results

Family Nalepa, 1898

Subfamily Keifer, 1966

Tribe Newkirk & Keifer, 1975

Genus Keifer, 1975

sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/36D41CF4-E10C-47F1-8635-3E2CC695A2CB

Fig. 2

Figure 2.

Schematic drawings of sp. n.: AL Lateral view of anterior body region CG Female coxigenital region D Dorsal view em Empodium IG Internal female genitalia LO Lateral view of annuli L1 Leg I PM Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma. Scale bar: 15 µm (D); 10 µm (AL, CG, IG, PM); 7.5 µm (LO); 5 µm (L1); 2.5 µm (em).

Description.

FEMALE (n=6). Body vermiform, 187 (175–217, excluding gnathosoma), 50 (42–51) wide, 48 (40–47) thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 24 (23–26), projecting obliquely down, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 2 (2–3), dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 7 (6–8), unbranched, cheliceral stylets 21 (20–23). Prodorsal shield 30 (29–32), 37 (33–37) wide; median line almost complete, interrupted in the middle with short sloping lines on either side at the posterior end, admedian lines complete, submedian lines broken, with several short lines and granules on the lateral side; frontal shield lobe absent. Scapular tubercles near rear shield margin, 24 (23–24) apart, scapular setae (sc) 15 (14–15), projecting posterior. Coxigenital region with 5 (5–6) microtuberculated semiannuli. Coxal plates with several short lines, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (1b) 7 (7–8), 11 (10–11) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 25 (25–28), 13 (12–13) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 44 (39–44), 24 (23–24) apart, tubercles 1b and 1a apart 5 (5–6), tubercles 1a and 2a 8 (7–8) apart. Internal coxisternal apodeme absent. Legs with usual series of setae. Leg I 27 (26–28), femur 8 (7–8), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 12 (12–14); genu 5 (4–5), antaxial genual setae (l'') 25 (23–26); tibia 6 (6–7), paraxial tibial setae (l') 7 (7–8), located in the middle; tarsus 7 (6–7), setae ft' 15 (14–15), setae ft'' 22 (20–22), seta u' 4 (4–5); tarsal empodium (em) 6 (5–6), simple, 5-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 7 (7–8), rod-like. Leg II 25 (24–26), femur 7 (7–8), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 13 (13–14); genu 5 (4–5), antaxial genual setae (l'') 8 (8–10); tibia 5 (4–5); tarsus 7 (6–7), setae ft' 6 (6–7), setae ft'' 23 (23–25), seta u' 4 (4–5); tarsal empodium (em) 6 (5–6), simple, 5-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 9 (9–10), rod-like. Opisthosoma dorsally arched, 64 (63–66) dorsal annuli, 63 (61–64) ventral annuli; microtubercles on the rear margin of the annuli, elliptical on the anterior part of dorsal annuli, linear and spiny on the posterior part of dorsal annuli and posterior part of ventral annuli, circular on the anterior part of ventral annuli. Setae c2 25 (25–27) on ventral annulus 9 (8–9), 47 (40–49) apart; setae d 65 (58–67) on ventral annulus 19 (18–21), 37 (34–37) apart; setae e 12 (12–14) on ventral annulus 32 (30–32), 20 (20–21) apart; setae f 29 (29–32) on 6th ventral annulus from rear, 21 (19–21) apart. Setae h1 absent, h2 71 (69–74). Genital coverflap 11 (11–12), 22 (21–22) wide, coverflap with two rows of ridges, the basal one with 12 (11–13) longitudinal ridges, the other one with 9 (8–10) longitudinal ridges, proximal setae on coxisternum III (3a) 17 (17–20), 17 (17–18) apart.

MALE. Unknown.

Type host plant.

Schrenk ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ().

Relation to the host plant.

Vagrant on leaves; no apparent damage was observed.

Type locality.

Gongliu county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (43°09'37"N, 81°36'34"E), elevation 1,396 m; 3 August 2014, coll. Ji-Wei Li.

Type material.

Holotype: female (slide number SHZU 1.1, marked Holotype). Paratypes: 6 females mounted on 6 separate microscope slides.

Etymology.

The specific designation gonglius comes from the name of location, Gongliu, where the new species was collected.

Differential diagnosis.

All traits are in accordance with the type species Keifer, 1975 of the genus (opisthosomal annuli subequal, legs with usual series of setae, scapular tubercles on rear shield margin, scapular setae projected posteriorly) except for ventral surface ornamentation of coxa I (lines do not circle around tubercles 1a and meet at sternum in sp. n.; lines originate at setae 1b, circle distally around tubercles 1a and meet at sternum, enclose most of the coxal surface in ).

This species is similar to Xue, Song & Hong, 2011, from sp. L. (), but can be differentiated from the latter by median line almost complete, with 5–6 short lines on the lateral sides of prodorsal shield (median line present for half, without short lines on the lateral sides in ), frontal shield lobe absent (frontal shield lobe acuminate in ) and 5-rayed empodium (6-rayed empodium in ).

Remarks.

To date, only three species were reported from the genus , Keifer, 1975, Kuang & Hong, 1995 (in Kuang 1995) and .

Subfamily Nalepa, 1892

Tribe Nalepa, 1892

Genus Keifer, 1938

http://zoobank.org/D33691AE-25DD-4A17-A854-E7C9925C96FF

Fig. 3

Figure 3.

Schematic drawings of sp. n.: AL Lateral view of anterior body region AD Dorsal view of anterior body region CG Female coxigenital region D Dorsal view em Empodium GM Male genital region IG Internal female genitalia LO Lateral view of annuli PM Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma. Scale bar: 15 µm (D); 10 µm (AD, AL, CG, IG, GM, PM); 7.5 µm (LO); 2.5 µm (em).

FEMALE (n=9). Body fusiform, 207 (182–207, excluding gnathosoma), 49 (46–51) wide, 43 (40–46) thick; white. Gnathosoma 28 (27–30), projecting obliquely down, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 3 (2–3), dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 9 (8–9), unbranched, cheliceral stylets 26 (25–27). Prodorsal shield 42 (40–43), 43 (41–44) wide, median line formed by lined short lines, admedian lines complete and connected posteriorly, submedian lines present at the posterior half, with several short lines and granules; frontal shield lobe rounded, broad-based, 5 (4–5). Scapular tubercles ahead of rear shield margin, 23 (22–25) apart, scapular setae (sc) 16 (16–18), projecting forward and convergent. Coxigenital region with 9 (7–9) microtuberculated semiannuli. Coxal plates with several short lines and granules, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (1b) 11 (10–11), 12 (11–12) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 27 (26–31), 10 (9–10) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 46 (42–46), 25 (23–25) apart, tubercles 1b and 1a apart 7 (6–7), tubercles 1a and 2a 9 (8–9) apart. Internal coxisternal apodeme 3 (3–4). Legs with usual series of setae. Leg I 36 (35–37), femur 10 (9–10), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 14 (13–15); genu 5 (4–5), antaxial genual setae (l') 22 (22–25); tibia 8 (8–9), paraxial tibial setae (l') 12 (10–12), located at 1/3 from dorsal base; tarsus 9 (8–9), setae ft' 19 (19–21), setae ft'' 22 (22–25), seta u' 10 (9–10); tarsal empodium (em) 8 (7–8), simple, 8-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 10 (9–10), rod-like. Leg II 29 (28–30), femur 8 (8–9), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 16 (15–16); genu 4 (4–5), antaxial genual setae (l'') 8 (6–8); tibia 5 (5–6); tarsus 8 (7–8), setae ft' 9 (8–10), setae ft'' 23 (23–25), seta u' 9 (8–9); tarsal empodium (em) 8 (7–8), simple, 8-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 10 (9–10), rod-like. Opisthosoma dorsally with a furrow in the middle; 35 (33–38) dorsal annuli, elliptical microtubercles on the rear margin; 74 (72–77) ventral annuli, microtubercles on the rear margin, circled on the anterior ventral annuli, and linear and spiny on the last posterior ventral annuli. Setae c2 28 (25–28) on ventral annulus 14 (12–14), 47 (45–48) apart; setae d 52 (48–52) on ventral annulus 28 (27–29), 35 (32–35) apart; setae e 33 (33–36) on ventral annulus 49 (47–51), 13 (12–14) apart; setae f 28 (26–29) on 6th ventral annulus from rear, 16 (16–17) apart. Setae h1 4 (3–4), h2 77 (75–83). Genital coverflap 13 (11–13), 19 (18–20) wide, coverflap with 3 transverse lines basally, 11 (11–13) longitudinal ridges distally, proximal setae on coxisternum III (3a) 43 (41–44), 15 (14–15) apart.

MALE (n=2). Similar in shape and prodorsal shield arrangement to female, 155–169. Prodorsal shield 32–35, 28–31 wide; scapular setae PageBreakPageBreaksc 16–17, 21–23 apart. Opisthosoma dorsally with a furrow, 32–37 annuli, ventrally with 74–81 annuli, dorsal and ventral microtubercles are similar to females. Male genitalia 17– 18 wide, setae 3a 18– 20, 14–15 apart.

Schrenk ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ().

Vagrant on leaves; no apparent damage was observed.

Xinyuan county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (43°36'29"N, 82°17'56"E), elevation 758 m; 29 July 2014, coll. Ji-Wei Li.

Holotype: female (slide number SHZU 1.1, marked Holotype). Paratypes: 16 females and 2 males mounted on 18 separate microscope slides.

The specific designation beggerianae comes from the epithet of the host plant, beggeriana.

This species is similar to Xue, Song & Hong, 2010, from sp. Maxim. (), but can be differentiated from the latter by admedian lines connected posteriorly (admedian lines separate in ), scapular tubercles ahead of rear shield margin, scapular setae 16–18 (scapular tubercles on rear shield margin, scapular setae 3–4 in ), female genital coverflap with 3 transverse basal lines (coverflap without transverse lines in ) and 8-rayed empodium (5-rayed empodium in ).

Family Keifer, 1944

Subfamily Roivainen, 1953

Genus Keifer, 1939

sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/CE644BB3-52C6-43E6-AAC7-06BC248177F7

Figs 4 , 5

Figure 4.

Schematic drawings of sp. n.: AL Lateral view of anterior body region CG Female coxigenital region D Dorsal view em Empodium GM Male genital region IG Internal female genitalia LO Lateral view of annuli and setae d L1 Leg I PM Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma. Scale bar: 15 µm (D); 10 µm (AL, CG, IG, GM, PM); 7.5 µm (LO); 5 µm (L1); 2.5 µm (em).

Figure 5.

sp. n.: A–D Frontal lobe E Tibia and tarsus of Leg I F Female internal genitalia.

Description.

FEMALE (n=8). Body fusiform, 256 (216–267, excluding gnathosoma), 60 (55–64) wide, 58 (54–62) thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 61 (55–64), projecting downwards, pedipalp coxal setae (PageBreakPageBreakep) 3 (2–3), dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 7 (6–7), unbranched, cheliceral stylets 83 (76–88). Prodorsal shield 29 (28–30) excluding the thin anterior process length from frontal lobe, 47 (46–49) wide, sub-triangular in anterior shape; long and flexible frontal lobe ending with a thin anterior process, the process extends for 14 (13–15). Median line very short, on 1/5 anterior part of prodorsal shield; admedian lines complete and connected at base with transverse lines, forming a vase-shaped outline; semicircled line between the scapular tubercles. Scapular tubercles ahead of rear shield margin, 30 (28–31) apart, scapular setae (sc) 47 (46–50), projecting forward. Coxigenital region with 15 (14–16) microtuberculated semiannuli. Coxal plates with 1–3 short lines, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (1b) 10 (10–12), 10 (10–11) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 32 (29–33), 10 (10–11) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 45 (42–47), 29 (28–30) apart, tubercles 1b and 1a apart 7 (6–7), tubercles 1a and 2a 10 (9–11) apart. Internal coxisternal apodeme 7 (6–7). Legs with usual series of setae. Leg I 42 (41–43), femur 13 (12–14), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 13 (13–15); genu 7 (6–7), antaxial genual setae (l'') 23 (23–25); tibia 10 (10–11), paraxial tibial setae (l') 7 (7–8), located at 1/3 from dorsal base; tarsus 8 (7–8), setae ft' 20 (18–20), setae ft'' 26 (23–26), seta u' 5 (4–5); tarsal empodium (em) 8 (7–8), simple, 10-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 8 (8–9), rod-like. Leg II 39 (38–40), femur 13 (12–13), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 14 (14–16); genu 6 (5–6), antaxial genual setae (l'') 9 (9–11); tibia 8 (7–9); tarsus 8 (8–9), setae ft' 10 (9–11), setae ft'' 30 (26–30), seta u' 5 (4–5); tarsal empodium (em) 8 (7–8), simple, 10-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 10 (10–11), rod-like. Opisthosoma dorsally arched, 25 (20–25) dorsal annuli, 92 (90–104) microtuberculated ventral annuli; the anterior dorsal annuli smooth (for about 5/6 of them), the anterior ventral annuli with circled microtubercles (for about 2/3 of them), the posterior part of dorsal and ventral annuli with linear and spiny microtubercles. Setae c2 13 (12–14) on ventral annulus 19 (17–21), 59 (53–61) apart; setae d 51 (46–51) on ventral annulus 37 (36–42), 45 (41–45) apart; setae e 26 (26–29) on ventral annulus 55 (53–64), 25 (24–26) apart; setae f 30 (27–30) on 7th ventral annulus from rear, 21 (20–22) apart. Setae h1 3 (3–4), h2 75 (70–79). Genital coverflap 15 (14–16), 30 (28–30) wide, coverflap with many granules basally, proximal setae on coxisternum III (3a) 14 (13–14), 20 (19–21) apart.

MALE (n=5). Similar in shape and prodorsal shield arrangement to female, 202–243. Prodorsal shield 22–25 without the frontal lobe length, 45–48 wide; scapular setae sc 40–46, 27–30 apart. Opisthosoma dorsally with 19–21 annuli; ventrally with 78–85 annuli, dorsal and ventral microtubercles are similar to females. Male genitalia 21–22 wide, setae 3a 12–13, 18–20 apart.

Type host plant.

E. L. Wolf ().

Relation to the host plant.

Vagrant on leaves; no apparent damage was observed.

Type locality.

Fuyun county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (47°17'39"N, 89°58'26"E), elevation 1,359 m; 15 August 2014, coll. Ji-Wei Li.

Type material.

Holotype: female (slide number SHZU 7.1, marked Holotype). Paratypes: 12 females and 15 males mounted on 27 separate microscope slides.

Etymology.

The specific designation fuyuniensis comes from the name of location, Fuyun, where the new species was collected.

Differential diagnosis.

This species is similar to Song, Xue & Hong, 2009, from Lindl. (), but can be differentiated from the latter by median line very short, on 1/5 anterior part of prodorsal shield (prodorsal shield with incomplete median line on posterior 1/2 in ), scapular tubercles small (scapular tubercles 5–13 long in ) and with a long and flexible frontal lobe (lack a distinct, long frontal lobe in ).