Giovanni Pagano1, Francesco Aliberti2, Marco Guida2, Rahime Oral3, Antonietta Siciliano2, Marco Trifuoggi4, Franca Tommasi5. 1. University of Naples "Federico II", Environmental Hygiene, via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: gbpagano@tin.it. 2. University of Naples "Federico II", Environmental Hygiene, via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. 3. Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, TR-35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 4. University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126 Naples, Italy. 5. "Aldo Moro" Bari University, Department of Biology, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A number of applications have been developed using rare earth elements (REE), implying several human exposures and raising unsolved questions as to REE-associated health effects. METHODS: A MedLine survey was retrieved from early reports (1980s) up to June 2015, focused on human and animal exposures to REE. Literature from animal models was selected focusing on REE-associated health effects. RESULTS: Some REE occupational exposures, in jobs such as glass polishers, photoengravers and movie projectionists showed a few case reports on health effects affecting the respiratory system. No case-control or cohort studies of occupational REE exposures were retrieved. Environmental exposures have been biomonitored in populations residing in REE mining areas, showing REE accumulation. The case for a iatrogenic REE exposure was raised by the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents for nuclear magnetic resonance. Animal toxicity studies have shown REE toxicity, affecting a number of endpoints in liver, lungs and blood. On the other hand, the use of REE as feed additives in livestock is referred as a safe and promising device in zootechnical activities, possibly suggesting a hormetic effect both known for REE and for other xenobiotics. Thus, investigations on long-term exposures and observations are warranted. CONCLUSION: The state of art provides a limited definition of the health effects in occupationally or environmentally REE-exposed human populations. Research priorities should be addressed to case-control or cohort studies of REE-exposed humans and to life-long animal experiments.
BACKGROUND: A number of applications have been developed using rare earth elements (REE), implying several human exposures and raising unsolved questions as to REE-associated health effects. METHODS: A MedLine survey was retrieved from early reports (1980s) up to June 2015, focused on human and animal exposures to REE. Literature from animal models was selected focusing on REE-associated health effects. RESULTS: Some REE occupational exposures, in jobs such as glass polishers, photoengravers and movie projectionists showed a few case reports on health effects affecting the respiratory system. No case-control or cohort studies of occupational REE exposures were retrieved. Environmental exposures have been biomonitored in populations residing in REE mining areas, showing REE accumulation. The case for a iatrogenic REE exposure was raised by the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents for nuclear magnetic resonance. Animal toxicity studies have shown REE toxicity, affecting a number of endpoints in liver, lungs and blood. On the other hand, the use of REE as feed additives in livestock is referred as a safe and promising device in zootechnical activities, possibly suggesting a hormetic effect both known for REE and for other xenobiotics. Thus, investigations on long-term exposures and observations are warranted. CONCLUSION: The state of art provides a limited definition of the health effects in occupationally or environmentally REE-exposed human populations. Research priorities should be addressed to case-control or cohort studies of REE-exposed humans and to life-long animal experiments.
Authors: Franca Tommasi; Philippe J Thomas; Daniel M Lyons; Giovanni Pagano; Rahime Oral; Antonietta Siciliano; Maria Toscanesi; Marco Guida; Marco Trifuoggi Journal: Biol Trace Elem Res Date: 2022-06-17 Impact factor: 3.738
Authors: Marco Trifuoggi; Giovanni Pagano; Marco Guida; Anna Palumbo; Antonietta Siciliano; Maria Gravina; Daniel M Lyons; Petra Burić; Maja Levak; Philippe J Thomas; Antonella Giarra; Rahime Oral Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2017-07-18 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Barbara Poniedziałek; Paweł Rzymski; Małgorzata Pięt; Przemysław Niedzielski; Mirosław Mleczek; Maciej Wilczak; Piotr Rzymski Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2017-10-19 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Gisely S Barcelos; Renato Welmer Veloso; Jaime W V de Mello; Massimo Gasparon Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2018-04-30 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Robert J McDonald; Deborah Levine; Jeffrey Weinreb; Emanuel Kanal; Matthew S Davenport; James H Ellis; Paula M Jacobs; Robert E Lenkinski; Kenneth R Maravilla; Martin R Prince; Howard A Rowley; Michael F Tweedle; Herbert Y Kressel Journal: Radiology Date: 2018-09-11 Impact factor: 11.105