Kristiina Nordfors1, Joonas Haapasalo2, Katri Mäkelä3, Kirsi J Granberg4, Matti Nykter5, Miikka Korja6, Timo Paavonen7, Hannu Haapasalo7, Ylermi Soini8. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 2. Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Unit of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 3. Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 4. Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland. 5. Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 6. Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 7. Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Department of Pathology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 8. Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has previously been linked to glioma invasion and progression. To determine whether EMT regulators, Twist and Zeb1, had clinical significance in astrocytic gliomas, the association of Twist and Zeb1 with clinicopathological and molecular factors was studied in 269 astrocytoma samples. RESULTS: Twist and Zeb1 were widely expressed in astrocytic gliomas, but the expression of the former did not correlate with that of the latter. Stronger Twist expression levels were associated with higher WHO grades (p=0.001), whereas Zeb1 did not correlate with WHO grades. We found no association between Twist and proliferation activity (Ki67/MIB-1), p53 status, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification or neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression. There was no significant difference in Twist or Zeb1 expression when primary and secondary gliomas were analysed. Tumours with high Twist expression were IDH1 negative (p=0.009). High hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression correlated significantly with positive Twist expression (p<0.001), whereas it was not associated with Zeb1 expression. Zeb1 expression did not correlate with proliferation, EGFR or IDH1. Nevertheless, we did find a correlation between high Zeb1 expression and low p53 expression levels (p=0.027). Positive NCAM expression was significantly associated with Zeb1 positivity (p=0.022). Zeb1 had no association with patient survival, whereas positive Twist expression predicted poor survival for patients in both univariate (p<0.001) and multivariable analyses (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: EMT regulators, Twist and Zeb1, are common features of infiltrating astrocytomas, and Twist is upregulated in glioblastomas in particular. Twist may be a novel marker for poor prognosis in glioma patients. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
AIMS AND METHODS: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has previously been linked to glioma invasion and progression. To determine whether EMT regulators, Twist and Zeb1, had clinical significance in astrocytic gliomas, the association of Twist and Zeb1 with clinicopathological and molecular factors was studied in 269 astrocytoma samples. RESULTS: Twist and Zeb1 were widely expressed in astrocytic gliomas, but the expression of the former did not correlate with that of the latter. Stronger Twist expression levels were associated with higher WHO grades (p=0.001), whereas Zeb1 did not correlate with WHO grades. We found no association between Twist and proliferation activity (Ki67/MIB-1), p53 status, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification or neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression. There was no significant difference in Twist or Zeb1 expression when primary and secondary gliomas were analysed. Tumours with high Twist expression were IDH1 negative (p=0.009). High hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression correlated significantly with positive Twist expression (p<0.001), whereas it was not associated with Zeb1 expression. Zeb1 expression did not correlate with proliferation, EGFR or IDH1. Nevertheless, we did find a correlation between high Zeb1 expression and low p53 expression levels (p=0.027). Positive NCAM expression was significantly associated with Zeb1 positivity (p=0.022). Zeb1 had no association with patient survival, whereas positive Twist expression predicted poor survival for patients in both univariate (p<0.001) and multivariable analyses (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: EMT regulators, Twist and Zeb1, are common features of infiltrating astrocytomas, and Twist is upregulated in glioblastomas in particular. Twist may be a novel marker for poor prognosis in gliomapatients. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
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