P Devin Leahy1, Christian M Puttlitz2,3,4. 1. Department of Physics and Engineering, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO, 81301, USA. pdleahy@fortlewis.edu. 2. Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. 3. School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. 4. Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study examined the cervical spine range of motion (ROM) resulting from whiplash-type hyperextension and hyperflexion type ligamentous injuries, and sought to improve the accuracy of specific diagnosis of these injuries. METHODS: The study was accomplished by measurement of ROM throughout axial rotation, lateral bending, and flexion and extension, using a validated finite element model of the cervical spine that was modified to simulate hyperextension and/or hyperflexion injuries. RESULTS: It was found that the kinematic difference between hyperextension and hyperflexion injuries was minimal throughout the combined flexion and extension ROM measurement that is commonly used for clinical diagnosis of cervical ligamentous injury. However, the two injuries demonstrated substantially different ROM under axial rotation and lateral bending. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that other bending axes beyond flexion and extension are incorporated into clinical diagnosis of cervical ligamentous injury.
PURPOSE: This study examined the cervical spine range of motion (ROM) resulting from whiplash-type hyperextension and hyperflexion type ligamentous injuries, and sought to improve the accuracy of specific diagnosis of these injuries. METHODS: The study was accomplished by measurement of ROM throughout axial rotation, lateral bending, and flexion and extension, using a validated finite element model of the cervical spine that was modified to simulate hyperextension and/or hyperflexion injuries. RESULTS: It was found that the kinematic difference between hyperextension and hyperflexion injuries was minimal throughout the combined flexion and extension ROM measurement that is commonly used for clinical diagnosis of cervical ligamentous injury. However, the two injuries demonstrated substantially different ROM under axial rotation and lateral bending. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that other bending axes beyond flexion and extension are incorporated into clinical diagnosis of cervical ligamentous injury.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cervical spine; Clinical diagnosis; Ligamentous injury; Range of motion measurement
Authors: Yasuhiro Tominaga; Anthony B Ndu; Marcus P Coe; Arnold J Valenson; Paul C Ivancic; Shigeki Ito; Wolfgang Rubin; Manohar M Panjabi Journal: BMC Musculoskelet Disord Date: 2006-12-21 Impact factor: 2.362
Authors: Avinash G Patwardhan; Saeed Khayatzadeh; Robert M Havey; Leonard I Voronov; Zachary A Smith; Olivia Kalmanson; Alexander J Ghanayem; William Sears Journal: Eur Spine J Date: 2017-11-06 Impact factor: 3.134