Root uptake and translocation of nickel in wheat as affected by histidine.

The role of histidine (His) on root uptake, xylem loading and root to shoot transport of nickel (Ni) was investigated in a winter (Triticum aestivum cv. Back Cross) and a durum wheat (Triticum durum cv. Durum) cultivar. Seedlings were grown in a modified Johnson nutrient solution and exposed to 10 μM of Ni and 100 μM of histidine (His) as no His, Ni (10) + His (100) and Ni(His) in a 1:1 mole ratio (1:1) complex. In our study, the presence of vanadate (a metabolic inhibitor) resulted in a significant decrease of root Ni uptake, indicating that a part of Ni uptake by the plant root is energy-dependent. Addition of His significantly increased the Ni content in shoots and roots of both wheat cultivars. The data suggest that the Ni(His) is most likely to be taken up as a complex or receptors at the membrane are able to enhance Ni uptake from Ni(His) complex. This result was indirectly supported by using EDTA as a strong chelating reagent to reduce the uptake of Ni(His) complexes. By using this ligand, the xylem loading of Ni and His was disproportionately reduced. Cycloheximide (a translation inhibitor) strongly decreased the release of His and Ni from the root into the xylem of wheat, suggesting the significance of a symplastic pathway for Ni loading into the xylem.