Prahlad Gupta1, Nidhi Gupta2, Komal Meena3, Ninad Joshirao Moon4, Puneet Kumar5, Ravneet Kaur6. 1. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences , Faridkot, Punjab, India . 2. Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences , Faridkot, Punjab, India . 3. Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College , Faridabad, India . 4. Professor, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, RKDF Dental College and Hospital , Bhopal, India . 5. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre , Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India . 6. Private Practitioner, Shaken Singh Eye and Dental Hospital , Amritsar, India .
Abstract
AIM: To estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk and to correlate the concentration of fluoride in cow's milk and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten households having both cows and buffalo's were selected by convenience in each of the 3 zones (below optimum fluoride <0.7 ppm (parts per million), optimum fluoride 0.7-1.2 ppm and above optimum fluoride areas > 1.2 ppm). From these selected households, 200 ml of fresh milk of both cows and buffaloes was collected along with 200 ml of drinking water for estimation of fluoride concentration by using a fluoride ion selective electrode method. The data was analysed using SPSS, version 11.5 for windows. RESULTS: The mean fluoride concentration of drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk in three different fluoride zones was 0.89±0.39, 0.09±0.07, 0.09±0.08 respectively. Pearson's correlation found a statistically significant correlation between fluoride concentrations in cow's and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water in zone B and zone C. However, this correlation was not statistically significant in zone A. CONCLUSION: With an increase in fluoride concentration in drinking water there was an increase in concentration of fluoride in cow's and buffalo's milk. We conclude that this association is seen in conjunction to not only a single factor but rather due to culmination of several other aspects. So, there is a need to elucidate the other factors that might be contributing to this increase and dental fluorosis.
AIM: To estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk and to correlate the concentration of fluoride in cow's milk and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten households having both cows and buffalo's were selected by convenience in each of the 3 zones (below optimum fluoride <0.7 ppm (parts per million), optimum fluoride 0.7-1.2 ppm and above optimum fluoride areas > 1.2 ppm). From these selected households, 200 ml of fresh milk of both cows and buffaloes was collected along with 200 ml of drinking water for estimation of fluoride concentration by using a fluoride ion selective electrode method. The data was analysed using SPSS, version 11.5 for windows. RESULTS: The mean fluoride concentration of drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk in three different fluoride zones was 0.89±0.39, 0.09±0.07, 0.09±0.08 respectively. Pearson's correlation found a statistically significant correlation between fluoride concentrations in cow's and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water in zone B and zone C. However, this correlation was not statistically significant in zone A. CONCLUSION: With an increase in fluoride concentration in drinking water there was an increase in concentration of fluoride in cow's and buffalo's milk. We conclude that this association is seen in conjunction to not only a single factor but rather due to culmination of several other aspects. So, there is a need to elucidate the other factors that might be contributing to this increase and dental fluorosis.
Entities:
Keywords:
Dental fluorosis; Drinking water fluoride; Milk
Authors: Tasneem Gul Kazi; Kapil Dev Brahman; Hassan Imran Afridi; Faheem Shah; Mohammad Balal Arain Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2018-02-24 Impact factor: 4.223