Hong Xin1, Minjun Wang1, Wenbo Tang2, Zhuqing Shen1, Lei Miao1, Weijun Wu1, Chengyi Li1, Xiling Wang1, Xiaoming Xin1, Yi Zhun Zhu1,3. 1. 1 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai, China . 2. 2 Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai, China . 3. 3 Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore , Singapore .
Abstract
AIMS: Anemia of inflammation is quite prevalent in hospitalized patients with poor prognosis. Concerns about the effectiveness and safety of iron supplementation have arisen, driving the demand for alternative therapies. Induction of hepatic hepcidin, the master hormone of iron homeostasis, causes anemia under inflammatory conditions. Previous studies indicated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter and a well-known regulator of inflammation, may inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. We thus investigated the effect of H2S on inflammatory hepcidin induction. RESULTS: H2S suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepcidin production and regulated iron homeostasis in mice by decreasing serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation; similar results were obtained in Huh7 cells exposed to conditioned medium from LPS-challenged THP-1 macrophages. Intriguingly, we found H2S also attenuated hepcidin levels in Huh7 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes in a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-dependent manner. By promoting SIRT1 expression and stabilizing SIRT1-STAT3 interactions, H2S ameliorated IL-6-induced STAT3 acetylation, resulting in reduced hepcidin production. Inhibition and silencing of SIRT1 diminished H2S-mediated suppression of hepcidin, as opposed to SIRT1 activation and overexpression. Consistent results were observed in vivo. Furthermore, knockout of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), an endogenous H2S synthase, exaggerated inflammatory hepcidin expression in mice. INNOVATION: For the first time, we elucidated the effects and possible mechanisms of H2S on inflammatory hepcidin and established a novel regulatory link between SIRT1 and hepcidin. CONCLUSION: Our work demonstrates that H2S attenuates inflammation-induced hepatic hepcidin via multipathways and suggests new treatment strategies for anemia of inflammation.
AIMS: Anemia of inflammation is quite prevalent in hospitalized patients with poor prognosis. Concerns about the effectiveness and safety of iron supplementation have arisen, driving the demand for alternative therapies. Induction of hepatic hepcidin, the master hormone of iron homeostasis, causes anemia under inflammatory conditions. Previous studies indicated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter and a well-known regulator of inflammation, may inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. We thus investigated the effect of H2S on inflammatory hepcidin induction. RESULTS:H2S suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepcidin production and regulated iron homeostasis in mice by decreasing serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation; similar results were obtained in Huh7 cells exposed to conditioned medium from LPS-challenged THP-1 macrophages. Intriguingly, we found H2S also attenuated hepcidin levels in Huh7 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes in a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-dependent manner. By promoting SIRT1 expression and stabilizing SIRT1-STAT3 interactions, H2S ameliorated IL-6-induced STAT3 acetylation, resulting in reduced hepcidin production. Inhibition and silencing of SIRT1 diminished H2S-mediated suppression of hepcidin, as opposed to SIRT1 activation and overexpression. Consistent results were observed in vivo. Furthermore, knockout of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), an endogenous H2S synthase, exaggerated inflammatory hepcidin expression in mice. INNOVATION: For the first time, we elucidated the effects and possible mechanisms of H2S on inflammatory hepcidin and established a novel regulatory link between SIRT1 and hepcidin. CONCLUSION: Our work demonstrates that H2S attenuates inflammation-induced hepatic hepcidin via multipathways and suggests new treatment strategies for anemia of inflammation.
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