OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia is the highest worldwide after excluding small island nations. We developed and validated a noninvasive screening test based on demographic and clinical data for identifying adults with undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycemia in Saudi Arabia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from 1,485 nonpregnant Saudi adults ≥20 years of age without a current diagnosis of diabetes were obtained from urban and rural primary healthcare centers in 2009. Clinical and demographic data were obtained through physician-administered interviews. Oral glucose tolerance test data were used to define diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or 2-h post-load glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L) and dysglycemia (fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L or 2-h post-load glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L). Predictive models were developed using data from 1,435 individuals. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to develop and evaluate a separate risk score for both diabetes and dysglycemia. Scores were validated on a hold-out sample of 50 individuals. RESULTS: The risk score for undiagnosed diabetes contained age, history of gestational diabetes, smoking, family history of diabetes, and central obesity with a sensitivity of 76.6% and a specificity of 52.1%. The dysglycemia risk score contained age, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and central obesity with a sensitivity of 71.2% and a specificity of 54.0%. All performed equally well, if not better, in the hold-out sample. CONCLUSIONS: These risk scores can identify Saudi adults with undiagnosed diabetes or dysglycemia and should be validated in prospective studies.
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia is the highest worldwide after excluding small island nations. We developed and validated a noninvasive screening test based on demographic and clinical data for identifying adults with undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycemia in Saudi Arabia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from 1,485 nonpregnant Saudi adults ≥20 years of age without a current diagnosis of diabetes were obtained from urban and rural primary healthcare centers in 2009. Clinical and demographic data were obtained through physician-administered interviews. Oral glucose tolerance test data were used to define diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or 2-h post-load glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L) and dysglycemia (fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L or 2-h post-load glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L). Predictive models were developed using data from 1,435 individuals. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to develop and evaluate a separate risk score for both diabetes and dysglycemia. Scores were validated on a hold-out sample of 50 individuals. RESULTS: The risk score for undiagnosed diabetes contained age, history of gestational diabetes, smoking, family history of diabetes, and central obesity with a sensitivity of 76.6% and a specificity of 52.1%. The dysglycemia risk score contained age, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and central obesity with a sensitivity of 71.2% and a specificity of 54.0%. All performed equally well, if not better, in the hold-out sample. CONCLUSIONS: These risk scores can identify Saudi adults with undiagnosed diabetes or dysglycemia and should be validated in prospective studies.
Authors: Laith J Abu-Raddad; Soha Dargham; Hiam Chemaitelly; Peter Coyle; Zaina Al Kanaani; Einas Al Kuwari; Adeel A Butt; Andrew Jeremijenko; Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal; Ali Nizar Latif; Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik; Hanan F Abdul Rahim; Gheyath K Nasrallah; Hadi M Yassine; Mohamed G Al Kuwari; Hamad Eid Al Romaihi; Mohamed H Al-Thani; Abdullatif Al Khal; Roberto Bertollini Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-07-19 Impact factor: 3.752
Authors: Nabil Sulaiman; Ibrahim Mahmoud; Amal Hussein; Salah Elbadawi; Salah Abusnana; Paul Zimmet; Jonathan Shaw Journal: BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Date: 2018-03-29
Authors: Susanne F Awad; Soha R Dargham; Amine A Toumi; Elsy M Dumit; Katie G El-Nahas; Abdulla O Al-Hamaq; Julia A Critchley; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Mohamed H J Al-Thani; Laith J Abu-Raddad Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-01-19 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz; Liam Smeeth; Robert H Gilman; Jose R Sanchez-Abanto; William Checkley; J Jaime Miranda; Cronicas Cohort Study Group Journal: J Diabetes Res Date: 2016-09-04 Impact factor: 4.011