Assessing the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (allo-HSCT) by analyzing survival end points in defined groups of acute myeloid leukemia patients: a retrospective, multicenter Polish Adult Leukemia Group study.

The importance of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for survival outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) currently remains unclear. The study aimed to compare measures of clinical treatment for patients with AML in CR1 (the first complete remission) with or without being subjected to allo-HSCT. These consisted of leukemia-free survival (LFS), overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and non-relapse mortality disease (NRM). Subjects were 622 patients, median age of 44, forming part of the prospective, randomized, and multicenter clinical Polish Adult Leukemia Group trials during 1999-2008. The Mantel-Byar approach was used to assess allo-HSCT on survival endpoints, accounting for a changing transplant status. Undergoing allo-HSCT significantly improved the LFS and OS for the entire group of patients with AML in CR1, along with the DAC induction subgroup and for the group with unfavorable cytogenetics aged 41-60. The CIR demonstrated that allo-HSCT reduced the risk of relapse for patients with AML in CR1 and those with an unfavorable cytogenetic risk. In addition, the NRM analysis showed that allo-HSCT significantly reduced the risk of death unrelated to relapse for the entire group of AML patients in CR1 and aged 41-60. The allo-HSCT treatment particularly benefitted survival for the AML in CR1 group having an unfavorable cytogenetic prognosis.

RCT Entities:   Population Interventions Outcomes