K Sulkowska1, P Palczewski2, A Duda-Zysk2, W Szeszkowski3, D Wojcik2, D Kownacka-Piotrowska2, M Gołebiowski2. 1. I Department of Clinical Radiology, Warsaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: k.sulkowska@outlook.com. 2. I Department of Clinical Radiology, Warsaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland. 3. II Department of Clinical Radiology, Warsaw Medical University, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract
AIM: To establish the normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in healthy kidneys, comparing them with the literature, and assessing the correlation between ADC values, creatinine blood level, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers and 26 living kidney donors were examined on a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. Two diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences were included in the study protocol (protocol 1 with 16 b-values, protocol 2 with 10 b-values) before the examination blood and urine samples were collected. The GFR was calculated using Cockcroft & Gault and MDRD (Modification of Diet In Renal Disease) formulas and the ADC values were measured separately for the cortex and medulla of each kidney by two independent observers. All statistical analyses were performed using the STATISTICA (version 10.0) software package. Data were analysed using an unpaired t-test; p < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. RESULTS: The average ADC value for protocol 1 for the cortex was 2.26 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s, for the medulla 2.21 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. In protocol 2, the respective values were 2.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s and 2.06 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. Neither statistically significant interobserver differences nor correlation between ADC values, GFR, and creatinine serum level were observed. CONCLUSION: The reference ADC values were established. The measurements show high interobserver consistency. The differences in ADC values reported in the literature suggest dependence on the equipment and methodology and point to the necessity of obtaining ADC norms for each MRI unit.
AIM: To establish the normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in healthy kidneys, comparing them with the literature, and assessing the correlation between ADC values, creatinine blood level, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers and 26 living kidney donors were examined on a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. Two diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences were included in the study protocol (protocol 1 with 16 b-values, protocol 2 with 10 b-values) before the examination blood and urine samples were collected. The GFR was calculated using Cockcroft & Gault and MDRD (Modification of Diet In Renal Disease) formulas and the ADC values were measured separately for the cortex and medulla of each kidney by two independent observers. All statistical analyses were performed using the STATISTICA (version 10.0) software package. Data were analysed using an unpaired t-test; p < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. RESULTS: The average ADC value for protocol 1 for the cortex was 2.26 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s, for the medulla 2.21 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. In protocol 2, the respective values were 2.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s and 2.06 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. Neither statistically significant interobserver differences nor correlation between ADC values, GFR, and creatinine serum level were observed. CONCLUSION: The reference ADC values were established. The measurements show high interobserver consistency. The differences in ADC values reported in the literature suggest dependence on the equipment and methodology and point to the necessity of obtaining ADC norms for each MRI unit.
Authors: Katarzyna Sułkowska; Piotr Palczewski; Agnieszka Furmańczyk-Zawiska; Agnieszka Perkowska-Ptasińska; Damian Wójcik; Wojciech Szeszkowski; Magdalena Durlik; Marek Gołębiowski; Piotr Małkowski Journal: Ann Transplant Date: 2020-03-03 Impact factor: 1.530
Authors: Isabell K Bones; Suzanne L Franklin; Anita A Harteveld; Matthias J P van Osch; Sophie Schmid; Jeroen Hendrikse; Chrit Moonen; Marijn van Stralen; Clemens Bos Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2021-02-04 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Isabell K Bones; Suzanne L Franklin; Anita A Harteveld; Matthias J P van Osch; Jeroen Hendrikse; Chrit Moonen; Marijn van Stralen; Clemens Bos Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2020-03-17 Impact factor: 4.668