[Osteochondral fractures at the knee joint].

Osteochondral fractures are traumatic shearing injuries to the cartilage and the subchondral bone which lead to defects in the articular surface and potentially lead to further degeneration and arthritis. Early diagnosis and therapy are therefore very important. As the resolving power of conventional X-rays is limited for this situation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as the gold standard for diagnostics. Concomitant injuries often occur, such as tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or patellar dislocation resulting in instability of the patella. Concerning treatment options for osteochondral fractures, there are two potential strategies that can be applied: the first is removal of small osteochondral fragments with subsequent formation of regeneration tissue and the second is refixation of the dislocated fragment and therefore a 1-stage reconstruction of the joint surface. It is important to also address concomitant injuries. Even though there is no consensus for a standardized or evidence-based therapy in literature, this article gives an overview of the diagnostics and available therapeutic options.