Hong Liu1, Hayato Iwase2, Martin Wijkstrom2, Jagjit Singh2, Edwin Klein3, Robert Wagner3, Abhinav Humar2, William Pasculle4, David K C Cooper2. 1. Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA ; Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China. 2. Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. 3. Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4. Department of Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressed patients and experimental nonhuman primates are at risk of opportunistic infection. We report a Myroides spp infection in an immunosuppressed baboon that had received a life-supporting kidney from a genetically-engineered pig. CASE REPORT: The baboon received a costimulation blockade-based immunosuppressive regimen as well as two anti-inflammatory agents (tocilizumab and etanercept). Although the pig kidney functioned well, approximately four months after the transplant the baboon became less active and ate and drank poorly. On day 136, it collapsed and died despite inotropic and fluid support. A blood culture drawn before death grew Myroides spp. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, Myroides spp has not been reported as a cause of opportunistic infection in either patients with organ allotransplants or experimental animals. We summarize what is known about this rare organism, and suggest it should be considered in any immunocompromised patient or animal. In the present case, we suggest the baboon died of circulatory shock following infection through an indwelling intravenous catheter.
BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressed patients and experimental nonhuman primates are at risk of opportunistic infection. We report a Myroides spp infection in an immunosuppressed baboon that had received a life-supporting kidney from a genetically-engineered pig. CASE REPORT: The baboon received a costimulation blockade-based immunosuppressive regimen as well as two anti-inflammatory agents (tocilizumab and etanercept). Although the pig kidney functioned well, approximately four months after the transplant the baboon became less active and ate and drank poorly. On day 136, it collapsed and died despite inotropic and fluid support. A blood culture drawn before death grew Myroides spp. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, Myroides spp has not been reported as a cause of opportunistic infection in either patients with organ allotransplants or experimental animals. We summarize what is known about this rare organism, and suggest it should be considered in any immunocompromised patient or animal. In the present case, we suggest the baboon died of circulatory shock following infection through an indwelling intravenous catheter.
Authors: M M Mohiuddin; P C Corcoran; A K Singh; A Azimzadeh; R F Hoyt; M L Thomas; M A Eckhaus; C Seavey; D Ayares; R N Pierson; K A Horvath Journal: Am J Transplant Date: 2011-11-09 Impact factor: 8.086
Authors: Andre C Kalil; Marius C Florescu; Wendy Grant; Clifford Miles; Michael Morris; R Brian Stevens; Alan N Langnas; Diana F Florescu Journal: Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther Date: 2014-05-29 Impact factor: 5.091
Authors: David K C Cooper; Vikas Satyananda; Burcin Ekser; Dirk J van der Windt; Hidetaka Hara; Mohamed B Ezzelarab; Henk-Jan Schuurman Journal: Xenotransplantation Date: 2014-09-01 Impact factor: 3.907
Authors: Hayato Iwase; Hong Liu; Martin Wijkstrom; Huidong Zhou; Jagjit Singh; Hidetaka Hara; Mohamed Ezzelarab; Cassandra Long; Edwin Klein; Robert Wagner; Carol Phelps; David Ayares; Ron Shapiro; Abhinav Humar; David K C Cooper Journal: Xenotransplantation Date: 2015-06-29 Impact factor: 3.907
Authors: Hayato Iwase; Hidetaka Hara; Mohamed Ezzelarab; Tao Li; Zhongqiang Zhang; Bingsi Gao; Hong Liu; Cassandra Long; Yi Wang; Amy Cassano; Edwin Klein; Carol Phelps; David Ayares; Abhinav Humar; Martin Wijkstrom; David K C Cooper Journal: Xenotransplantation Date: 2017-03-17 Impact factor: 3.907
Authors: Jeremy B Foote; Abhijit Jagdale; Takayuki Yamamoto; Hidetaka Hara; Mohamed H Bikhet; Henk-Jan Schuurman; Huy Q Nguyen; Mohamed Ezzelarab; David Ayares; Douglas J Anderson; Huma Fatima; Devin E Eckhoff; David K C Cooper; Hayato Iwase Journal: Xenotransplantation Date: 2021-10-13 Impact factor: 3.788