Heidi T Cueto1, Anders H Riis2, Elizabeth E Hatch3, Lauren A Wise4, Kenneth J Rothman5, Henrik T Sørensen6, Ellen M Mikkelsen2. 1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: hc@clin.au.dk. 2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA. 5. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC. 6. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the association between folic acid (FA) supplementation obtained through either single FA tablets or multivitamins (MVs) and menstrual cycle characteristics among 5386 women aged 18-40 years, enrolled in an Internet-based study of Danish women attempting pregnancy during 2007-2011. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of FA supplementation with menstrual cycle regularity; short (<27 days), long (30-33 days), and very long (≥34 days) cycle lengths; and duration and intensity of menstrual bleeding. RESULTS: Compared with nonuse, FA supplementation was associated with reduced odds of short cycle length (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.94) and a trend toward increased odds of very long cycle length (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.87-1.68) compared with cycle length of 27-29 days. The inverse association with short cycle length was stronger among 18- to 30-year-old women (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.87), nulliparous women (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52-0.84), and women who used both FA and MVs (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.95). We found no clear association between FA supplementation and cycle regularity and duration and intensity of menstrual bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: FA supplementation was inversely associated with short menstrual cycle length. This association was strongest among women aged 18-30 years, nulliparous women, and women who used both FA and MVs.
PURPOSE: To examine the association between folic acid (FA) supplementation obtained through either single FA tablets or multivitamins (MVs) and menstrual cycle characteristics among 5386 women aged 18-40 years, enrolled in an Internet-based study of Danish women attempting pregnancy during 2007-2011. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of FA supplementation with menstrual cycle regularity; short (<27 days), long (30-33 days), and very long (≥34 days) cycle lengths; and duration and intensity of menstrual bleeding. RESULTS: Compared with nonuse, FA supplementation was associated with reduced odds of short cycle length (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.94) and a trend toward increased odds of very long cycle length (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.87-1.68) compared with cycle length of 27-29 days. The inverse association with short cycle length was stronger among 18- to 30-year-old women (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.87), nulliparous women (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52-0.84), and women who used both FA and MVs (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.95). We found no clear association between FA supplementation and cycle regularity and duration and intensity of menstrual bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: FA supplementation was inversely associated with short menstrual cycle length. This association was strongest among women aged 18-30 years, nulliparous women, and women who used both FA and MVs.
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