| Literature DB >> 26122207 |
Adolfo Monteiro Ribeiro1, Marília de Carvalho Lima2, Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira2, Giselia Alves Pontes da Silva2.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To present the conceptual foundations that explain how events occurring during intrauterine life may influence body development, emphasizing the interrelation between low birth weight and risk of obesity throughout life. DATA SOURCES: Google Scholar, Library Scientific Electronic Online (SciELO), EBSCO, Scopus, and PubMed were the databases. "Catch-up growth", "life course health", "disease", "child", "development", "early life", "perinatal programming", "epigenetics", "breastfeeding", "small baby syndrome", "phenotype", "micronutrients", "maternal nutrition", "obesity", and "adolescence" were isolated or associated keywords for locating reviews and epidemiological, intervention and experimental studies published between 1934 and 2014, with complete texts in Portuguese and English. Duplicate articles, editorials and reviews were excluded, as well as approaches of diseases different from obesity. DATA SYNTHESIS: Within 47 selected articles among 538 eligible ones, the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, the epigenetic mechanisms and the development plasticity were identified as fundamental factors to explain the mechanisms involved in health and disease throughout life. They admit the possibility that both cardiometabolic events and obesity originate from intrauterine nutritional deficiency, which, associated with a food supply that is excessive to the metabolic needs of the organism in early life stages, causes endocrine changes. However, there may be phenotypic reprogramming for low birth weight newborns from adequate nutritional supply, thus overcoming a restrictive intrauterine environment. Therefore, catch-up growth may indicate recovery from intrauterine constraint, which is associated with short-term benefits or harms in adulthood.Entities:
Keywords: Baixo peso ao nascer; Desenvolvimento humano; Disease; Doença; Health; Human development; Low birth weight; Nutrition; Nutrição; Obesidade; Obesity; Saúde
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26122207 PMCID: PMC4620962 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2014.09.007
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Paul Pediatr ISSN: 0103-0582
Figure 1Flowchart of article selection for the review.
Glossary of terms and concepts used in this review.
| Terms | Concepts |
|---|---|
| Catch-up growth | Period of rapid weight gain and/or acceleration in growth rate that occurs after a slowdown period |
| Epigenetics | Study of alterations in gene expression that can be transmitted to offspring and do not imply in DNA sequence alterations |
| Thrifty phenotype hypothesis | When the fetal environment is poor from a nutritional point of view, the fetal body goes through a programming process in which there is protection for the development of some organs (brain, heart); however, it leads to metabolic changes that may impact on later stages of life |
| Phenotypic plasticity | The capacity of the organism to develop several phenotypes from a single genotype, in response to different environmental stimuli |
| Fetal programming | Structural and functional changes that occur in the fetal body in response to stimuli that occur at critical periods of development |
| Predictive adaptive responses | A process through which the body, in the early stages of development, predicts the environment it will be exposed to in the future by modifying itself phenotypically, based on the perception of environmental stimuli |
Figure 2The thrifty phenotype hypothesis and predictive adaptive response.
Figure 3Explanatory model – cardiometabolic diseases.
Figura 1Fluxograma de seleção de artigos para integrar a revisão.
Glossário de termos e conceitos adotados nesta revisão
| Termos | Conceitos |
|---|---|
|
| Período de rápido ganho de peso e/ou de aceleração na velocidade de crescimento que ocorre após um período de desaceleração |
| Epigenética | Estudo das alterações na expressão do gene que podem ser transmitidas a prole e que não implicam alteração na sequência do DNA |
| Hipótese do fenótipo econômico
( | Quando o ambiente fetal é pobre do
ponto de vista nutricional o organismo fetal passa por um processo de
|
| Plasticidade fenotípica | A capacidade do organismo a partir de um único genótipo desenvolver fenótipos variados em resposta a diferentes estímulos ambientais |
| Programação fetal | Alterações estruturais e funcionais que ocorrem no organismo fetal em resposta a estímulos ocorridos em períodos críticos do desenvolvimento |
| Respostas adaptativas preditivas | Um processo por meio do qual o organismo nas fases precoces do desenvolvimento a partir da percepção que tem dos estímulos ambientais prediz o ambiente ao qual será exposto no futuro e o modifica fenotipicamente |
Figura 2Hipótese do fenótipo poupador e da resposta adaptativa preditiva.
Figura 3Modelo explicativo – Doenças cardiometabólicas.