Andreea Adelina Artenie1,2, Julie Bruneau1,3, Élise Roy4,5, Geng Zang1, François Lespérance1,6, Johanne Renaud7, Joël Tremblay8, Didier Jutras-Aswad1,6. 1. Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada. 2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. 3. Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. 4. Addiction Research and Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada. 5. Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, Canada. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. 8. Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada.
Abstract
AIM: To estimate associations between recent licit and illicit substance use and subsequent suicide attempt among people who inject drugs (PWID). DESIGN: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a prospective cohort study of PWID followed bi-annually between 2004 and 2011. SETTING: Montréal, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred and ninety-seven PWID who reported injection drug use in the previous 6 months, contributing to a total of 4460 study visits. The median number of visits per participant was five (interquartile range: 3-8). MEASUREMENTS: An interviewer-administered questionnaire eliciting information on socio-demographic factors, detailed information on substance use patterns and related behaviours, mental health markers and suicide attempt. The primary exposure variables examined were past-month use of alcohol [heavy (≥ 60 drinks); moderate (one to 59 drinks); none], sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine and opioids [regular (≥ 4 days); occasional (1-3 days); none]. The outcome was a binary measure of suicide attempt assessed in reference to the previous 6 months. FINDINGS: In multivariate analyses, a positive association was found among licit substances between heavy alcohol consumption [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-3.75], regular use of sedative-hypnotics (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.21-2.95) and subsequent attempted suicide. Among illicit substances, occasional use of cannabis (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.09-3.13) had a positive association with subsequent suicide attempt. No statistically significant association was found for the remaining substances. CONCLUSION: Among people who inject drugs, use of alcohol, sedative-hypnotics and cannabis, but not cocaine, amphetamine or opioids, appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of later attempted suicide.
AIM: To estimate associations between recent licit and illicit substance use and subsequent suicide attempt among people who inject drugs (PWID). DESIGN: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a prospective cohort study of PWID followed bi-annually between 2004 and 2011. SETTING: Montréal, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred and ninety-seven PWID who reported injection drug use in the previous 6 months, contributing to a total of 4460 study visits. The median number of visits per participant was five (interquartile range: 3-8). MEASUREMENTS: An interviewer-administered questionnaire eliciting information on socio-demographic factors, detailed information on substance use patterns and related behaviours, mental health markers and suicide attempt. The primary exposure variables examined were past-month use of alcohol [heavy (≥ 60 drinks); moderate (one to 59 drinks); none], sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine and opioids [regular (≥ 4 days); occasional (1-3 days); none]. The outcome was a binary measure of suicide attempt assessed in reference to the previous 6 months. FINDINGS: In multivariate analyses, a positive association was found among licit substances between heavy alcohol consumption [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-3.75], regular use of sedative-hypnotics (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.21-2.95) and subsequent attempted suicide. Among illicit substances, occasional use of cannabis (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.09-3.13) had a positive association with subsequent suicide attempt. No statistically significant association was found for the remaining substances. CONCLUSION: Among people who inject drugs, use of alcohol, sedative-hypnotics and cannabis, but not cocaine, amphetamine or opioids, appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of later attempted suicide.
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