An analysis of original research contributions toward FDA-approved drugs.

Academic researchers shaped the landscape of drug discovery for nearly two centuries, and their efforts initiated programs for more than half of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved new molecular entities (NMEs). During the first 50 years of the 20th century, contributions from industry-based discovery programs steadily increased, stabilizing near half of all first publications for NMEs. Although academia and industry have made similar contributions to the discovery of FDA-approved NMEs, there remains a substantial difference in the gap-to-approval; on average, industry NMEs are 12 years closer to market at the time of the first publication. As more drug discovery efforts shift from industry to academia, including high-throughput screening resources, academia could have an increasingly crucial role in drug discovery.