| Literature DB >> 26110911 |
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Abstract
Entities:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26110911 PMCID: PMC4482540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131969
Source DB: PubMed Journal: PLoS One ISSN: 1932-6203 Impact factor: 3.240
Mass mortality events of benthic marine species occurring since 2000.
| Year(s), Location | Affected organisms | Suspected cause(s) | Mortality range | Spatial extent (km2) | Spatial pattern reported | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001–2003, Ligurian coast, N Mediterranean | Zoanthid ( | Disease, High water temperature | ~ 90% | 0.0001 | ND | [23] |
| 2003, N Mediterranean | Gorgonians, sponges, bryozoans, bivalves; (multiple species) | High water temperature | 5–80% | 1500 | patchy | [24] |
| 2003, Canary Islands, SE Atlantic | Sea urchin ( | Disease, high water temperature | 0–95% | 50 | patchy | [25] |
| 2003, 2009, Nova Scotia, NW Atlantic | Sea urchin ( | Disease, hurricanes | 0–100% | 3 | patchy | [26] |
| 2004–2005, Cape Cod, NW Atlantic | Sea scallop ( | Unknown | 35% | 4000 | ND | [27] |
| 2005, Great BarrierReef, Coral Sea | Corals (multiple species) | Solar radiation, low tide exposure | 10–40% | 10 | patchy | [28] |
| 2005, Florida, E Gulf of Mexico | Fishes, sponges (multiple species) Coral ( | Algal bloom, hypoxia | Sponges: 6–7%; other taxa: ND | 10 | ND | [29] |
| 2005–2007, Caribbean Sea | Corals (multiple species) | High water temperature, disease | 0–70% | 2 x 106 | patchy | [30] |
| 2008, Coliumo Bay, Chile, SE Pacific | Crabs, fishes (multiple species per taxon) | Hypoxia | ~90% | 5 | ND | [31, 32] |
| 2008, Sardinia, N Mediterranean | Octocoral ( | Disease, high water temperature | 0–100% | 2 | ND | [33] |
| 2008, 2009, N Mediterranean | Sponges ( | Disease, high water temperature | 0–95% | 700 | patchy | [34–36] |
| 2009, Isla Natividad, Mexico, NE Pacific | Pink abalone ( | Hypoxia | 41% | 10 | ND | [37] |
| 2009, Bahia de Huatulco, NE Pacific | Sea urchin ( | ND | 100% | 0.001 | ND | [38] |
| 2010, Florida Keys, Straits of Florida | Corals (multiple species) | Low water temperature | 17–100% | 0.01 | ND | [39] |
| 2010, 2011, Malibu, California, NE Pacific | Sea urchin ( | Low salinity, sediment | 0–99% | 0.01 | patchy | [40] |
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| 2012, Comau Fjord, Chile, SE Pacific | Coral ( | Methane and/or sulfide seeps, hypoxia | 50–99% | 8.4 | ND | [41] |
| 2013–present, West coast of N America, NE Pacific | Sea stars (multiple species) | Wasting disease | 0–70% | 5000 | patchy | [42] |
Note that the references provided represent to our knowledge the original report(s) describing events in wild populations, and do not include subsequent follow-up publications focused on the same events. Events are summarized from a review of 897 articles; see S1 File for a full description of the literature review methods.
*Denotes mortality of colonial species reported as a percentage of affected colonies with partial necrosis, rather than absolute mortality.
ND, no data.
aWhere not stated explicitly, we estimated spatial extent of study regions from maps or text descriptions.
bNote that most published studies do not include the spatial boundaries of mortality (i.e., the geographic locations past which no mortality was observed). When this information was absent, we report here the spatial extent of the study region.