Zsolt Lohinai1,2, Beata Keremi3, Eva Szöko4, Tamás Tábi4, Csaba Szabo5, Zsolt Tulassay6, John C DiCesare7, Carole A Davis8, Lindsay M Collins8, Martin Levine8. 1. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. 2. Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University. 3. Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University. 4. Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University. 5. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. 6. 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University. 7. Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA. 8. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lysine, a nutritionally essential amino acid, enters the oral cavity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). During oral hygiene restriction (OHR), lysine decarboxylase (LDC) in dento-gingival biofilms converts lysine to cadaverine. Lysine depletion impairs the dental epithelial barrier to bacterial proinflammatory products. Antibodies to LDC from Eikenella corrodens (Ecor-LDC) inhibit LDC activity and retard gingival inflammation in beagle dogs. Whether E. corrodens is the major source of LDC in dental biofilms and whether the lysine analog tranexamic acid (TA) inhibits LDC activity, biofilm accumulation, and GCF exudation in a human gingivitis model were examined. METHODS: Antibodies raised in goats to LDC-rich extracts from E. corrodens cell surfaces were used to inhibit Ecor-LDC and detect it in biofilm extracts using Western blots. Ecor-LDC activity was measured at pH 4.0 to 11.0 and its TA dissociation constant (Ki) at pH 7.0. Young adults used a 5% or 10% TA mouthwash three times daily during OHR for 1 week. RESULTS: Ecor-LDC antibodies and TA inhibited biofilm LDC. Ki of TA for Ecor-LDC was 940 μM. TA reduced plaque index (PI) by downshifting the PI correlation with biofilm lysine content after OHR without TA. GCF was correspondingly suppressed. However, greater TA retention in saliva partially relieved GCF suppression but not biofilm lysine depletion. CONCLUSIONS: TA slightly inhibits LDC but strongly reduces biofilm by inhibiting bacterial lysine uptake. Unfortunately, TA may impair dental epithelial attachments by also inhibiting lysine transporter uptake. Ecor-LDC inhibitors other than lysine analogs may maintain sufficient lysine levels and attachment integrity to prevent periodontal inflammation.
BACKGROUND:Lysine, a nutritionally essential amino acid, enters the oral cavity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). During oral hygiene restriction (OHR), lysine decarboxylase (LDC) in dento-gingival biofilms converts lysine to cadaverine. Lysine depletion impairs the dental epithelial barrier to bacterial proinflammatory products. Antibodies to LDC from Eikenella corrodens (Ecor-LDC) inhibit LDC activity and retard gingival inflammation in beagle dogs. Whether E. corrodens is the major source of LDC in dental biofilms and whether the lysine analog tranexamic acid (TA) inhibits LDC activity, biofilm accumulation, and GCF exudation in a humangingivitis model were examined. METHODS: Antibodies raised in goats to LDC-rich extracts from E. corrodens cell surfaces were used to inhibit Ecor-LDC and detect it in biofilm extracts using Western blots. Ecor-LDC activity was measured at pH 4.0 to 11.0 and its TA dissociation constant (Ki) at pH 7.0. Young adults used a 5% or 10% TA mouthwash three times daily during OHR for 1 week. RESULTS: Ecor-LDC antibodies and TA inhibited biofilm LDC. Ki of TA for Ecor-LDC was 940 μM. TA reduced plaque index (PI) by downshifting the PI correlation with biofilm lysine content after OHR without TA. GCF was correspondingly suppressed. However, greater TA retention in saliva partially relieved GCF suppression but not biofilm lysine depletion. CONCLUSIONS:TA slightly inhibits LDC but strongly reduces biofilm by inhibiting bacterial lysine uptake. Unfortunately, TA may impair dental epithelial attachments by also inhibiting lysine transporter uptake. Ecor-LDC inhibitors other than lysine analogs may maintain sufficient lysine levels and attachment integrity to prevent periodontal inflammation.
Authors: Antonio Benjumea; Marta Díaz-Navarro; Rama Hafian; Emilia Cercenado; Mar Sánchez-Somolinos; Javier Vaquero; Francisco Chana; Patricia Muñoz; María Guembe Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2022-06-30 Impact factor: 6.064
Authors: Syed Babar Jamal; Syed Shah Hassan; Sandeep Tiwari; Marcus V Viana; Leandro de Jesus Benevides; Asad Ullah; Adrián G Turjanski; Debmalya Barh; Preetam Ghosh; Daniela Arruda Costa; Artur Silva; Richard Röttger; Jan Baumbach; Vasco A C Azevedo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-10-19 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Antonio Benjumea; Marta Díaz-Navarro; Rama Hafian; Mar Sánchez-Somolinos; Javier Vaquero; Francisco Chana; Patricia Muñoz; María Guembe Journal: Microbiol Spectr Date: 2022-02-16