Sanaz Mehrabani1,2, Seyyed Morteza Safavi1,2, Sepideh Mehrabani1,2, Mehdi Asemi3, Awat Feizi4, Nick Bellissimo5, Amin Salehi-Abargouei6,7. 1. Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5. Faculty of Community Services, School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. abargouei@hlth.mui.ac.ir. 7. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 89151-73160, Yazd, Iran. abargouei@hlth.mui.ac.ir.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Although controversy exists, some researchers have proposed that dairy products increase the sense of satiety and decrease energy intake; however, data about these effects are lacking in children. Our objective was to assess the effect of low-fat milk compared with iso-volumic and iso-volumic/iso-energetic controls on satiety and energy intake at lunch in obese boys using a randomized three-way crossover controlled clinical trial. METHODS:Thirty-four obese boys aged 10-12 years were randomized to consume a fixed content breakfast with low-fat milk (LFM), apple juice (AJ) or water (W) for two consecutive days. Subjective appetite, hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption were measured using a visual analogue scale every 1 h after breakfast followed by an ad libitum buffet lunch at 5 h. RESULTS: All participants completed the study. Energy intake was significantly lower after intake of LFM compared with AJ and W (adjusted mean ± standard error of energy intake: LFM = 1010 ± 14 kcal, AJ = 1059 ± 16 kcal, W = 1236 ± 20 kcal; P < 0.001). The total appetite score and its components were significantly affected by time for all intervention beverages (P < 0.05). Obese children reported higher satiety score after drinking LFM with breakfast compared with W and AJ (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-fat milk consumption might have favorable short-term effects on satiety and energy intake in obese boys. Future studies with more participants from both genders and longer follow-up periods are merited. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registration No: IRCT2013022312571N1).
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: Although controversy exists, some researchers have proposed that dairy products increase the sense of satiety and decrease energy intake; however, data about these effects are lacking in children. Our objective was to assess the effect of low-fat milk compared with iso-volumic and iso-volumic/iso-energetic controls on satiety and energy intake at lunch in obeseboys using a randomized three-way crossover controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Thirty-four obeseboys aged 10-12 years were randomized to consume a fixed content breakfast with low-fat milk (LFM), apple juice (AJ) or water (W) for two consecutive days. Subjective appetite, hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption were measured using a visual analogue scale every 1 h after breakfast followed by an ad libitum buffet lunch at 5 h. RESULTS: All participants completed the study. Energy intake was significantly lower after intake of LFM compared with AJ and W (adjusted mean ± standard error of energy intake: LFM = 1010 ± 14 kcal, AJ = 1059 ± 16 kcal, W = 1236 ± 20 kcal; P < 0.001). The total appetite score and its components were significantly affected by time for all intervention beverages (P < 0.05). Obesechildren reported higher satiety score after drinking LFM with breakfast compared with W and AJ (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-fat milk consumption might have favorable short-term effects on satiety and energy intake in obeseboys. Future studies with more participants from both genders and longer follow-up periods are merited. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registration No: IRCT2013022312571N1).
Entities:
Keywords:
Appetite; Child; Energy intake; Milk; Obesity
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