Nuntra Suwantarat1, Anucha Apisarnthanarak. 1. aDivision of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA bChulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University cDivision of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several viral diseases have emerged and impacted healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare personnels (HCPs) are at high risk of acquiring some emerging infections while caring for patients. We provide a review of risk factors, evidence of infection in HCPs, and prevention strategies with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola virus disease (Ebola), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and avian influenza. RECENT FINDINGS: HCP-related infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola, and SARS have been reported among 1-27%, 2.5-12%, and 11-57% of total cases, respectively. The case fatality rate of Ebola in HCPs has been reported up to 73%. The WHO guidelines for the global surveillance of SARS were developed in 2004 and used as a template for other emerging diseases preparedness. Risks to HCPs with emerging diseases are related to inappropriate and insufficient infection control measures during an initial encounter, at the beginning of outbreak and with an overwhelming number of patient cases. To date, there are no reports of avian influenza transmission to HCPs from affected cases. SUMMARY: Early and rapid detection of suspected infected patients with communicable diseases along with appropriate infection control practice, education, national and global preparedness guidelines would help to prevent disease transmission to HCPs.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several viral diseases have emerged and impacted healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare personnels (HCPs) are at high risk of acquiring some emerging infections while caring for patients. We provide a review of risk factors, evidence of infection in HCPs, and prevention strategies with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola virus disease (Ebola), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and avian influenza. RECENT FINDINGS: HCP-related infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola, and SARS have been reported among 1-27%, 2.5-12%, and 11-57% of total cases, respectively. The case fatality rate of Ebola in HCPs has been reported up to 73%. The WHO guidelines for the global surveillance of SARS were developed in 2004 and used as a template for other emerging diseases preparedness. Risks to HCPs with emerging diseases are related to inappropriate and insufficient infection control measures during an initial encounter, at the beginning of outbreak and with an overwhelming number of patient cases. To date, there are no reports of avian influenza transmission to HCPs from affected cases. SUMMARY: Early and rapid detection of suspected infectedpatients with communicable diseases along with appropriate infection control practice, education, national and global preparedness guidelines would help to prevent disease transmission to HCPs.
Authors: Seung Won Park; Hye Won Jang; Yon Ho Choe; Kyung Soo Lee; Yong Chan Ahn; Myung Jin Chung; Kyu-Sung Lee; Kyunghoon Lee; Taehee Han Journal: Korean J Med Educ Date: 2016-05-27
Authors: Aleksandra Leligdowicz; William A Fischer; Timothy M Uyeki; Thomas E Fletcher; Neill K J Adhikari; Gina Portella; Francois Lamontagne; Christophe Clement; Shevin T Jacob; Lewis Rubinson; Abel Vanderschuren; Jan Hajek; Srinivas Murthy; Mauricio Ferri; Ian Crozier; Elhadj Ibrahima; Marie-Claire Lamah; John S Schieffelin; David Brett-Major; Daniel G Bausch; Nikki Shindo; Adrienne K Chan; Tim O'Dempsey; Sharmistha Mishra; Michael Jacobs; Stuart Dickson; G Marshall Lyon; Robert A Fowler Journal: Crit Care Date: 2016-07-29 Impact factor: 9.097