Wei Lei1, Jimmy D Browning1, Peggy A Eichen1, Chi-Hua Lu1, Valeri V Mossine2, George E Rottinghaus3, William R Folk2, Grace Y Sun2, Dennis B Lubahn2, Kevin L Fritsche4. 1. Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. 2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. 3. Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. 4. Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Electronic address: FritscheK@missouri.edu.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br. is an indigenous plant of southern Africa that has been traditionally used for various cancers, infections, and inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: Our aim was to investigate the potential immuno-stimulatory activity of a polysaccharide-enriched fraction (SFPS) from a decoction of S. frutescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RAW 264.7 cells (a murine macrophage cell line) were used to determine the activities of SFPS on macrophage function. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in the cells treated with or without SFPS. CLI-095, a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-specific inhibitor, was used to identify whether or not SFPS exerts its effects through TLR4. An antagonist of endotoxin, polymyxin B, was used to evaluate whether endotoxin present in SFPS contributed to its immune-stimulatory activity. RESULTS: SFPS exhibited potent immune-stimulatory activity by macrophages. The production of ROS, NO, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were increased upon exposure to SFPS in a dose-dependent manner. All of these activities were completely blocked by co-treatment with CLI-095, but only partially diminished by polymyxin B. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate for the first time potent immune-stimulatory activity in a decoction prepared from S. frutescens. We believe that this immune stimulatory activity is due, in part, to the action of polysaccharides present in the decoction that acts by way of TLR4 receptors and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These findings provide a plausible mechanism through which we can understand some of the medicinal properties of S. frutescens.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br. is an indigenous plant of southern Africa that has been traditionally used for various cancers, infections, and inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: Our aim was to investigate the potential immuno-stimulatory activity of a polysaccharide-enriched fraction (SFPS) from a decoction of S. frutescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS:RAW 264.7 cells (a murine macrophage cell line) were used to determine the activities of SFPS on macrophage function. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in the cells treated with or without SFPS. CLI-095, a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-specific inhibitor, was used to identify whether or not SFPS exerts its effects through TLR4. An antagonist of endotoxin, polymyxin B, was used to evaluate whether endotoxin present in SFPS contributed to its immune-stimulatory activity. RESULTS: SFPS exhibited potent immune-stimulatory activity by macrophages. The production of ROS, NO, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were increased upon exposure to SFPS in a dose-dependent manner. All of these activities were completely blocked by co-treatment with CLI-095, but only partially diminished by polymyxin B. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate for the first time potent immune-stimulatory activity in a decoction prepared from S. frutescens. We believe that this immune stimulatory activity is due, in part, to the action of polysaccharides present in the decoction that acts by way of TLR4 receptors and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These findings provide a plausible mechanism through which we can understand some of the medicinal properties of S. frutescens.
Authors: Deepa Ajit; Agnes Simonyi; Runting Li; Zihong Chen; Mark Hannink; Kevin L Fritsche; Valeri V Mossine; Robert E Smith; Thomas K Dobbs; Rensheng Luo; William R Folk; Zezong Gu; Dennis B Lubahn; Gary A Weisman; Grace Y Sun Journal: Neurochem Int Date: 2016-05-07 Impact factor: 3.921
Authors: Hee Kap Kang; Shusen Wang; Anil Dangi; Xiaomin Zhang; Amar Singh; Lei Zhang; James M Rosati; Wilma Suarez-Pinzon; Xuelian Deng; Xiaoyan Chen; Edward B Thorp; Bernhard J Hering; Stephen D Miller; Xunrong Luo Journal: Transplantation Date: 2017-08 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: Wei Lei; Jimmy D Browning; Peggy A Eichen; Korey J Brownstein; William R Folk; Grace Y Sun; Dennis B Lubahn; George E Rottinghaus; Kevin L Fritsche Journal: Int Immunopharmacol Date: 2015-11-12 Impact factor: 4.932
Authors: Yuan Lu; Nicholas Starkey; Wei Lei; Jilong Li; Jianlin Cheng; William R Folk; Dennis B Lubahn Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-12-28 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Wei Lei; Jimmy D Browning; Peggy A Eichen; William R Folk; Grace Y Sun; Dennis B Lubahn; Kevin L Fritsche Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-08-30 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Shima Hassan Baien; Jana Seele; Timo Henneck; Christin Freibrodt; György Szura; Hani Moubasher; Roland Nau; Graham Brogden; Matthias Mörgelin; Mahavir Singh; Manfred Kietzmann; Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede; Nicole de Buhr Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2020-01-31 Impact factor: 7.561