Zhiwei Ning1, Shufan Song2, Li Miao3, Pengrui Zhang3, Xin Wang4, Jia Liu3, Yanjin Hu3, Yuan Xu3, Tingting Zhao5, Yufang Liang5, Qingtao Wang5, Lihong Liu6, Jing Zhang7, Lizhi Hu7, Mingyan Huo8, Qinyun Zhou8. 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China. Electronic address: ningzhiwei@hotmail.com. 2. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China. 3. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China. 4. ACURE Biotechnology, Inc. 8780 Manahan Dr. Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA. 5. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China. 6. Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China. 7. Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. 8. Affiliate Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province 67000 China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is documented as a common health problem in the world. Limited data has been found on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Beijing area. AIM: To investigate the prevalence s of vitamin D deficiency in urban Beijing residents and the seasonal and monthly serum 25(OH)D variation in this population. METHODS: This is an urban hospital based cross-sectional study lasting whole 2 years. 5531 (5-101 years old) urban Beijing residents for health checkup are recruited from December 9th, 2011 to December 8th, 2013. Each subject completed a questionnaire designed to quantify intake of vitamin D through food, vitamin D supplements, hours of sun exposure, sunscreen use over the past month. Serum 25(OH)D is statistically analyzed in accordance with gender, age, and time-lines. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency (Serum 25(OH)D level ≤20 ng/mL) and sever deficiency (Serum 25(OH)D level ≤ 10 ng/mL) are highly prevalent in this population. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is 87.1% and higher prevalence is found in female (89.0%) than male (84.9% P < 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency is also higher in female than male (59.3% and 42.7%, respectively, P < 0.001). Female under 20 and over 80 have lower 25(OH)D levels compared to 40-60 years old female (both P < 0.05). Severe vitamin D deficiency are also highly prevalence in this two group (60.9% and 54.1%) compared with 40-60 years old females (43.1%, both P < 0.05). Seasonal variation are also found in this population (P < 0.01). Autumn and summer have the higher 25(OH)D level than winter and spring in both genders (P < 0.001). Winter and spring have higher vitamin D deficiency and Severe deficiency than the other two seasons (P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D level peaks in October and troughed in April in both female and male. Lower serum 25(OH)D level are found in April than February (P < 0.05) in both gender. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among urban Beijing residents spanning the age spectrum. And Vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency is found highly prevalent in this population, especially among females under 20 and older than 80 and in winter and spring seasons. Targeted prevention on vitamin D deficiency is urgent for this population.
BACKGROUND:Vitamin D deficiency is documented as a common health problem in the world. Limited data has been found on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Beijing area. AIM: To investigate the prevalence s of vitamin D deficiency in urban Beijing residents and the seasonal and monthly serum 25(OH)D variation in this population. METHODS: This is an urban hospital based cross-sectional study lasting whole 2 years. 5531 (5-101 years old) urban Beijing residents for health checkup are recruited from December 9th, 2011 to December 8th, 2013. Each subject completed a questionnaire designed to quantify intake of vitamin D through food, vitamin D supplements, hours of sun exposure, sunscreen use over the past month. Serum 25(OH)D is statistically analyzed in accordance with gender, age, and time-lines. RESULTS:Vitamin D deficiency (Serum 25(OH)D level ≤20 ng/mL) and sever deficiency (Serum 25(OH)D level ≤ 10 ng/mL) are highly prevalent in this population. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is 87.1% and higher prevalence is found in female (89.0%) than male (84.9% P < 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency is also higher in female than male (59.3% and 42.7%, respectively, P < 0.001). Female under 20 and over 80 have lower 25(OH)D levels compared to 40-60 years old female (both P < 0.05). Severe vitamin D deficiency are also highly prevalence in this two group (60.9% and 54.1%) compared with 40-60 years old females (43.1%, both P < 0.05). Seasonal variation are also found in this population (P < 0.01). Autumn and summer have the higher 25(OH)D level than winter and spring in both genders (P < 0.001). Winter and spring have higher vitamin D deficiency and Severe deficiency than the other two seasons (P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D level peaks in October and troughed in April in both female and male. Lower serum 25(OH)D level are found in April than February (P < 0.05) in both gender. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among urban Beijing residents spanning the age spectrum. And Vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency is found highly prevalent in this population, especially among females under 20 and older than 80 and in winter and spring seasons. Targeted prevention on vitamin D deficiency is urgent for this population.