Crystal structure of di-benzyl-dimethyl-silane.

In the title compound, C16H20Si, a geometry different from an ideal tetra-hedron can be observed at the Si atom. The bonds from Si to the benzylic C atoms [Si-C = 1.884 (1) and 1.883 (1) Å] are slightly elongated compared to the Si-Cmeth-yl bonds [Si-C = 1.856 (1) and 1.853 (1) Å]. The Cbenz-yl-Si-Cbenz-yl bond angle [C-Si-C = 107.60 (6)°] is decreased from the ideal tetra-hedral angle by 1.9°. These distortions can be explained easily by Bent's rule. In the crystal, mol-ecules inter-act only by van der Waals forces.

Related literature

The chemistry of silicon exhibits several differences compared to carbon, its lighter congener. Being a representative of the third period, the silicon atom provides deviant reactivity and structural features including the formation of penta­valent inter­mediates (Chuit et al., 1993 ▸; Cypryk & Apeloig, 2002 ▸) as well as silicon-specific effects like the α- or β-effect (Whitmore & Sommer, 1946 ▸; Sommer & Whitmore, 1946 ▸). For the correlation of bond lengths and angles with the electronegativity of substituents, see: Bent (1961 ▸) and for the same effect in the related compound MePh2SiBn, see: Koller et al. (2015 ▸). For the reaction of silyllithium reagents to benzyl­silanes, see: Strohmann et al. (2004 ▸). For the α-li­thia­tion of methyl­silanes, see: Däschlein et al. (2010 ▸). For the structure and reactivity of α-li­thia­ted benzyl­silanes, see: Ott et al. (2008 ▸), Strohmann et al. (2002 ▸).

Experimental

Crystal data

C16H20Si

M = 240.41

Monoclinic,

a = 6.1045 (2) Å

b = 19.8512 (6) Å

c = 11.8396 (3) Å

β = 98.069 (3)°

V = 1420.54 (7) Å3

Z = 4

Mo Kα radiation

μ = 0.14 mm−1

T = 173 K

0.2 × 0.1 × 0.1 mm

Data collection

Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur, Sapphire3 diffractometer

Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2010 ▸) T min = 0.940, T max = 1.000

21539 measured reflections

2800 independent reflections

2280 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

R int = 0.035

Refinement

R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)] = 0.033

wR(F 2) = 0.088

S = 1.06

2800 reflections

156 parameters

H-atom parameters constrained

Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3

Δρmin = −0.24 e Å−3

Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2010 ▸); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ▸); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2.

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015008713/fk2087sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015008713/fk2087Isup2.hkl

Click here for additional data file.

Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015008713/fk2087Isup3.cml

Click here for additional data file.

. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015008713/fk2087fig1.tif

Mol­ecular structure of the title compound with anisotropic displacement ellipsoids drawn at 50% probability level.

CCDC reference: 1063257

Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report

C16H20Si	F(000) = 520
Mr = 240.41	Dx = 1.124 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/n	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 6.1045 (2) Å	Cell parameters from 10295 reflections
b = 19.8512 (6) Å	θ = 2.7–29.2°
c = 11.8396 (3) Å	µ = 0.14 mm−1
β = 98.069 (3)°	T = 173 K
V = 1420.54 (7) Å3	Block, colourless
Z = 4	0.2 × 0.1 × 0.1 mm

Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur, Sapphire3 diffractometer	2800 independent reflections
Radiation source: Enhance (Mo) X-ray Source	2280 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	Rint = 0.035
Detector resolution: 16.0560 pixels mm-1	θmax = 26.0°, θmin = 2.7°
ω scans	h = −7→7
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2010)	k = −24→24
Tmin = 0.940, Tmax = 1.000	l = −14→14
21539 measured reflections

Refinement on F2	0 restraints
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.088	w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0528P)2 + 0.0485P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.06	(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
2800 reflections	Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3
156 parameters	Δρmin = −0.24 e Å−3

Experimental. CrysAlisPro, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., Version 1.171.33.55 (release 05-01-2010 CrysAlis171 .NET) (compiled Jan 5 2010,16:28:46) Empirical absorption correction using spherical harmonics, implemented in SCALE3 ABSPACK scaling algorithm.

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
Si1	0.13789 (6)	0.14013 (2)	0.03688 (3)	0.01945 (12)
C11	0.1208 (2)	0.10937 (7)	−0.19747 (11)	0.0221 (3)
C9	0.4409 (2)	0.16077 (7)	0.32428 (12)	0.0286 (3)
H9	0.5690	0.1513	0.2898	0.034*
C12	−0.0953 (2)	0.10519 (8)	−0.25332 (12)	0.0301 (3)
H12	−0.2001	0.1387	−0.2402	0.036*
C16	0.2691 (2)	0.05980 (7)	−0.22010 (12)	0.0299 (3)
H16	0.4177	0.0616	−0.1833	0.036*
C5	0.0758 (2)	0.20416 (7)	0.31346 (12)	0.0284 (3)
H5	−0.0500	0.2252	0.2716	0.034*
C3	0.2631 (2)	0.20813 (7)	0.13668 (11)	0.0243 (3)
H3A	0.4179	0.2157	0.1238	0.029*
H3B	0.1805	0.2506	0.1185	0.029*
C10	0.1896 (2)	0.16338 (7)	−0.11131 (11)	0.0243 (3)
H10A	0.1076	0.2052	−0.1350	0.029*
H10B	0.3493	0.1727	−0.1100	0.029*
C4	0.2605 (2)	0.19144 (7)	0.26040 (11)	0.0220 (3)
C8	0.4376 (3)	0.14376 (8)	0.43742 (13)	0.0368 (4)
H8	0.5636	0.1233	0.4800	0.044*
C2	0.2653 (2)	0.05739 (7)	0.07812 (12)	0.0263 (3)
H2A	0.2290	0.0443	0.1531	0.039*
H2B	0.4263	0.0607	0.0816	0.039*
H2C	0.2081	0.0234	0.0215	0.039*
C1	−0.1645 (2)	0.13650 (8)	0.04158 (13)	0.0306 (3)
H1A	−0.2328	0.1042	−0.0153	0.046*
H1B	−0.2293	0.1812	0.0248	0.046*
H1C	−0.1912	0.1222	0.1177	0.046*
C6	0.0720 (3)	0.18677 (8)	0.42632 (13)	0.0356 (4)
H6	−0.0561	0.1959	0.4610	0.043*
C13	−0.1588 (3)	0.05285 (9)	−0.32761 (12)	0.0401 (4)
H13	−0.3072	0.0506	−0.3646	0.048*
C14	−0.0101 (3)	0.00404 (9)	−0.34877 (12)	0.0444 (5)
H14	−0.0549	−0.0320	−0.3997	0.053*
C7	0.2521 (3)	0.15639 (8)	0.48868 (13)	0.0378 (4)
H7	0.2489	0.1442	0.5660	0.045*
C15	0.2045 (3)	0.00808 (8)	−0.29506 (13)	0.0414 (4)
H15	0.3090	−0.0251	−0.3098	0.050*

	U11	U22	U33	U12	U13	U23
Si1	0.0205 (2)	0.0177 (2)	0.0207 (2)	−0.00025 (15)	0.00477 (14)	−0.00023 (15)
C11	0.0291 (7)	0.0214 (7)	0.0167 (6)	−0.0014 (6)	0.0054 (5)	0.0054 (5)
C9	0.0277 (8)	0.0259 (8)	0.0318 (8)	−0.0007 (6)	0.0030 (6)	−0.0024 (6)
C12	0.0329 (8)	0.0329 (9)	0.0239 (7)	0.0003 (7)	0.0021 (6)	0.0089 (6)
C16	0.0351 (8)	0.0315 (8)	0.0240 (7)	0.0050 (7)	0.0076 (6)	0.0017 (6)
C5	0.0306 (8)	0.0268 (8)	0.0281 (7)	0.0025 (6)	0.0051 (6)	−0.0074 (6)
C3	0.0268 (7)	0.0211 (7)	0.0251 (7)	−0.0015 (6)	0.0047 (6)	−0.0010 (6)
C10	0.0288 (8)	0.0201 (7)	0.0245 (7)	−0.0011 (6)	0.0054 (6)	0.0024 (6)
C4	0.0264 (7)	0.0162 (7)	0.0233 (7)	−0.0040 (5)	0.0032 (6)	−0.0054 (5)
C8	0.0434 (9)	0.0314 (9)	0.0324 (8)	−0.0012 (7)	−0.0063 (7)	0.0023 (7)
C2	0.0294 (8)	0.0221 (8)	0.0277 (7)	0.0009 (6)	0.0054 (6)	0.0026 (6)
C1	0.0244 (7)	0.0329 (9)	0.0352 (8)	0.0005 (6)	0.0062 (6)	−0.0046 (7)
C6	0.0447 (9)	0.0331 (9)	0.0320 (8)	−0.0048 (7)	0.0156 (7)	−0.0109 (7)
C13	0.0446 (9)	0.0497 (11)	0.0230 (8)	−0.0177 (8)	−0.0053 (7)	0.0082 (7)
C14	0.0786 (13)	0.0339 (9)	0.0212 (7)	−0.0190 (9)	0.0084 (8)	−0.0050 (7)
C7	0.0630 (11)	0.0301 (9)	0.0206 (7)	−0.0107 (8)	0.0067 (7)	−0.0029 (6)
C15	0.0659 (12)	0.0296 (9)	0.0318 (8)	0.0052 (8)	0.0175 (8)	−0.0025 (7)

Si1—C3	1.8838 (14)	C3—C4	1.5040 (18)
Si1—C10	1.8832 (13)	C10—H10A	0.9900
Si1—C2	1.8534 (14)	C10—H10B	0.9900
Si1—C1	1.8563 (14)	C8—H8	0.9500
C11—C12	1.3928 (19)	C8—C7	1.381 (2)
C11—C16	1.3887 (19)	C2—H2A	0.9800
C11—C10	1.4988 (19)	C2—H2B	0.9800
C9—H9	0.9500	C2—H2C	0.9800
C9—C4	1.3861 (19)	C1—H1A	0.9800
C9—C8	1.384 (2)	C1—H1B	0.9800
C12—H12	0.9500	C1—H1C	0.9800
C12—C13	1.381 (2)	C6—H6	0.9500
C16—H16	0.9500	C6—C7	1.375 (2)
C16—C15	1.378 (2)	C13—H13	0.9500
C5—H5	0.9500	C13—C14	1.375 (2)
C5—C4	1.3888 (19)	C14—H14	0.9500
C5—C6	1.383 (2)	C14—C15	1.376 (2)
C3—H3A	0.9900	C7—H7	0.9500
C3—H3B	0.9900	C15—H15	0.9500
C10—Si1—C3	107.60 (6)	C9—C4—C5	117.79 (13)
C2—Si1—C3	110.57 (6)	C9—C4—C3	120.81 (12)
C2—Si1—C10	110.09 (6)	C5—C4—C3	121.37 (12)
C2—Si1—C1	109.89 (7)	C9—C8—H8	119.8
C1—Si1—C3	109.07 (6)	C7—C8—C9	120.35 (15)
C1—Si1—C10	109.58 (6)	C7—C8—H8	119.8
C12—C11—C10	121.48 (13)	Si1—C2—H2A	109.5
C16—C11—C12	117.78 (13)	Si1—C2—H2B	109.5
C16—C11—C10	120.68 (12)	Si1—C2—H2C	109.5
C4—C9—H9	119.4	H2A—C2—H2B	109.5
C8—C9—H9	119.4	H2A—C2—H2C	109.5
C8—C9—C4	121.11 (14)	H2B—C2—H2C	109.5
C11—C12—H12	119.7	Si1—C1—H1A	109.5
C13—C12—C11	120.64 (15)	Si1—C1—H1B	109.5
C13—C12—H12	119.7	Si1—C1—H1C	109.5
C11—C16—H16	119.4	H1A—C1—H1B	109.5
C15—C16—C11	121.11 (14)	H1A—C1—H1C	109.5
C15—C16—H16	119.4	H1B—C1—H1C	109.5
C4—C5—H5	119.5	C5—C6—H6	119.7
C6—C5—H5	119.5	C7—C6—C5	120.51 (15)
C6—C5—C4	121.09 (14)	C7—C6—H6	119.7
Si1—C3—H3A	108.9	C12—C13—H13	119.6
Si1—C3—H3B	108.9	C14—C13—C12	120.86 (15)
H3A—C3—H3B	107.7	C14—C13—H13	119.6
C4—C3—Si1	113.22 (9)	C13—C14—H14	120.5
C4—C3—H3A	108.9	C13—C14—C15	119.01 (15)
C4—C3—H3B	108.9	C15—C14—H14	120.5
Si1—C10—H10A	109.0	C8—C7—H7	120.4
Si1—C10—H10B	109.0	C6—C7—C8	119.14 (14)
C11—C10—Si1	113.02 (9)	C6—C7—H7	120.4
C11—C10—H10A	109.0	C16—C15—H15	119.7
C11—C10—H10B	109.0	C14—C15—C16	120.60 (15)
H10A—C10—H10B	107.8	C14—C15—H15	119.7
Si1—C3—C4—C9	93.41 (13)	C10—C11—C12—C13	−176.30 (13)
Si1—C3—C4—C5	−84.53 (15)	C10—C11—C16—C15	176.82 (13)
C11—C12—C13—C14	−0.5 (2)	C4—C9—C8—C7	0.8 (2)
C11—C16—C15—C14	−0.5 (2)	C4—C5—C6—C7	0.0 (2)
C9—C8—C7—C6	−0.8 (2)	C8—C9—C4—C5	−0.4 (2)
C12—C11—C16—C15	−0.2 (2)	C8—C9—C4—C3	−178.39 (13)
C12—C11—C10—Si1	86.49 (14)	C2—Si1—C3—C4	−52.05 (11)
C12—C13—C14—C15	−0.3 (2)	C2—Si1—C10—C11	52.86 (11)
C16—C11—C12—C13	0.7 (2)	C1—Si1—C3—C4	68.89 (11)
C16—C11—C10—Si1	−90.42 (14)	C1—Si1—C10—C11	−68.10 (11)
C5—C6—C7—C8	0.4 (2)	C6—C5—C4—C9	0.0 (2)
C3—Si1—C10—C11	173.44 (9)	C6—C5—C4—C3	177.97 (13)
C10—Si1—C3—C4	−172.32 (9)	C13—C14—C15—C16	0.8 (2)