Yichong Li1, Shiwei Liu1, Limin Wang1, Maigeng Zhou2. 1. National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China. 2. National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; Email: maigengzhou@126.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine burden of disease (BOD) attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity in China in 1990 and 2010. METHODS: The results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010(GBD 2010) for China were extracted to examine BOD attributable to the four behavioral risk factors in terms of current status, time trend, age patterns, and their diseasecomposition. Measurements for attributable BOD were years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). RESULTS: In 1990, for both genders combined, BOD attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, and alcohol use were 37.28 (32.88-42.12), 28.32 (22.50-35.73), and 13.02 (10.50-15.74) million DALYs, respectively; for men, attributable BOD were 21.17 (18.26-24.48), 17.87 (13.59-23.74), and 10.23 (8.22-12.38) million DALYs, respectively, more than those in women (16.11 (13.90-19.32), 10.45 (727-15.69), and 2.79 (1.81-392) million DALYs, respectively). In 2010, BOD attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity were 51.70 (46.07-56.65), 30.00 (23.43-35.92), 13.78 (10.89-16.88), and 11.44(9.49-13.68) million DALYs, respectively, all of which combined accounted for 33.7% of overall BOD; in male BOD attributable to these 4 risk factors were 32.91 (28.43-36.54), 22.71 (17.09-28.27), 11.62 (9.19-14.28), and 6.34 (5.09-7.74) million DALYs, respectively, higher than those in women (18.79 (16.31-20.92), 7.29 (4.47-9.73), 2.16 (1.25-3.10), and 5.10 (4.21-6.05) million, respectively). Compared with 1990, attributable BOD among men in 2010 had increased by 55.5% for dietary risk factors, 27.1% for tobacco smoking and 13.6% for alcohol use, whilst only had BOD attributable dietary risk factors increased (by 16.6%) among women, with decreasing trends in smoking (-30.2%) and alcohol use (-22.6%). Diet low in fruits accounted for the largest portion of 35.4% in total BOD attributable to all dietary risk factors, followed by diet high in sodium which accounted for 20.2%. CONCLUSION: The BOD attributable to the 4 behavioral risk factors was quite high in China, with significant increase in BOD of men.
OBJECTIVE: To examine burden of disease (BOD) attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity in China in 1990 and 2010. METHODS: The results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010(GBD 2010) for China were extracted to examine BOD attributable to the four behavioral risk factors in terms of current status, time trend, age patterns, and their diseasecomposition. Measurements for attributable BOD were years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). RESULTS: In 1990, for both genders combined, BOD attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, and alcohol use were 37.28 (32.88-42.12), 28.32 (22.50-35.73), and 13.02 (10.50-15.74) million DALYs, respectively; for men, attributable BOD were 21.17 (18.26-24.48), 17.87 (13.59-23.74), and 10.23 (8.22-12.38) million DALYs, respectively, more than those in women (16.11 (13.90-19.32), 10.45 (727-15.69), and 2.79 (1.81-392) million DALYs, respectively). In 2010, BOD attributable to dietary risk factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity were 51.70 (46.07-56.65), 30.00 (23.43-35.92), 13.78 (10.89-16.88), and 11.44(9.49-13.68) million DALYs, respectively, all of which combined accounted for 33.7% of overall BOD; in male BOD attributable to these 4 risk factors were 32.91 (28.43-36.54), 22.71 (17.09-28.27), 11.62 (9.19-14.28), and 6.34 (5.09-7.74) million DALYs, respectively, higher than those in women (18.79 (16.31-20.92), 7.29 (4.47-9.73), 2.16 (1.25-3.10), and 5.10 (4.21-6.05) million, respectively). Compared with 1990, attributable BOD among men in 2010 had increased by 55.5% for dietary risk factors, 27.1% for tobacco smoking and 13.6% for alcohol use, whilst only had BOD attributable dietary risk factors increased (by 16.6%) among women, with decreasing trends in smoking (-30.2%) and alcohol use (-22.6%). Diet low in fruits accounted for the largest portion of 35.4% in total BOD attributable to all dietary risk factors, followed by diet high in sodium which accounted for 20.2%. CONCLUSION: The BOD attributable to the 4 behavioral risk factors was quite high in China, with significant increase in BOD of men.