O A Gonzalez1, R Nagarajan2,3, M J Novak1, L Orraca4, J A Gonzalez-Martinez5, S S Kirakodu1, J L Ebersole1. 1. Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. 2. Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. 4. School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 5. Caribbean Primate Research Center, Sabana Seca, Puerto Rico.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft- and hard-tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study evaluated responses to the oral microbial ecology in gingival tissues from clinically healthy young Macaca mulatta (< 3 years of age) compared with older animals (5-23 years of age). RNA was isolated from the tissues and analyzed for the transcriptome using the Rhesus Macaque GeneChip (Affymetrix). RESULTS: Global transcriptional profiling of four age groups revealed a subset of 159 genes that were differentially expressed across at least one of the age comparisons. Correlation metrics generated a relevance network abstraction of these genes. Partitioning of the relevance network revealed seven distinct communities comprising functionally related genes associated with host inflammatory and immune responses. A group of genes was identified that were selectively increased/decreased or positively/negatively correlated with gingival profiles in the animals. A principal components analysis created metagenes of expression profiles for classifying the 23 animals. CONCLUSION: The results provide novel system-level insights into gene-expression differences in gingival tissues from healthy young animals, weighted toward host responses associated with anti-inflammatory biomolecules or those linked with T-cell regulation of responses. The combination of the regulated microenvironment may help to explain the apparent 'resistance' of younger individuals to developing periodontal disease.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft- and hard-tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study evaluated responses to the oral microbial ecology in gingival tissues from clinically healthy young Macaca mulatta (< 3 years of age) compared with older animals (5-23 years of age). RNA was isolated from the tissues and analyzed for the transcriptome using the Rhesus Macaque GeneChip (Affymetrix). RESULTS: Global transcriptional profiling of four age groups revealed a subset of 159 genes that were differentially expressed across at least one of the age comparisons. Correlation metrics generated a relevance network abstraction of these genes. Partitioning of the relevance network revealed seven distinct communities comprising functionally related genes associated with host inflammatory and immune responses. A group of genes was identified that were selectively increased/decreased or positively/negatively correlated with gingival profiles in the animals. A principal components analysis created metagenes of expression profiles for classifying the 23 animals. CONCLUSION: The results provide novel system-level insights into gene-expression differences in gingival tissues from healthy young animals, weighted toward host responses associated with anti-inflammatory biomolecules or those linked with T-cell regulation of responses. The combination of the regulated microenvironment may help to explain the apparent 'resistance' of younger individuals to developing periodontal disease.
Authors: H Y Chung; E K Lee; Y J Choi; J M Kim; D H Kim; Y Zou; C H Kim; J Lee; H S Kim; N D Kim; J H Jung; B P Yu Journal: J Dent Res Date: 2011-03-29 Impact factor: 6.116
Authors: Jeffrey L Ebersole; David Cappelli; Erik C Mathys; Michelle J Steffen; Robert E Singer; Michael Montgomery; Glen E Mott; M John Novak Journal: Ann Periodontol Date: 2002-12
Authors: Octavio A Gonzalez; M John Novak; Sreenatha Kirakodu; Arnold J Stromberg; Shu Shen; Luis Orraca; Janis Gonzalez-Martinez; Jeffrey L Ebersole Journal: Apoptosis Date: 2013-03 Impact factor: 4.677
Authors: Tomoki Maekawa; Ruel A Briones; Ranillo R G Resuello; Joel V Tuplano; Evlambia Hajishengallis; Tetsuhiro Kajikawa; Sophia Koutsogiannaki; Cristina A G Garcia; Daniel Ricklin; John D Lambris; George Hajishengallis Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2016-03-03 Impact factor: 8.728
Authors: Jeffrey L Ebersole; Luis Orraca; Terry B Kensler; Janis Gonzalez-Martinez; Elisabeth Maldonado; Octavio A Gonzalez Journal: J Periodontal Res Date: 2018-09-11 Impact factor: 4.419
Authors: Jeffrey L Ebersole; Michael John Novak; Luis Orraca; Janis Martinez-Gonzalez; Sreenatha Kirakodu; Kuey C Chen; Arnold Stromberg; Octavio A Gonzalez Journal: Immunology Date: 2018-02-14 Impact factor: 7.397