Maria J Redondo1, Nicole C Foster2, Ingrid M Libman3, Sanjeev N Mehta4, Joanne M Hathway4, Kathleen E Bethin5, Brandon M Nathan6, Michelle A Ecker5, Avni C Shah7, Stephanie N DuBose8, William V Tamborlane9, Robert P Hoffman10, Jenise C Wong11, David M Maahs12, Roy W Beck8, Linda A DiMeglio13. 1. Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. 2. Jaeb Center for Health Research, 15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 350, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA. T1DStats@jaeb.org. 3. Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA. 4. Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. 5. School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 402 Crofts Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA. 6. University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 7. Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. 8. Jaeb Center for Health Research, 15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 350, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA. 9. Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. 10. Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. 11. University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. 12. Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, 1775 N. Ursula St, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. 13. Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Abstract
AIM: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes and elevated BMI in the USA is poorly defined. We aimed to test the hypothesis that children with type 1 diabetes who are overweight or obese have increased frequencies of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and micro-/macroalbuminuria compared to their healthy weight peers. METHODS: We studied 11,348 children 2 to <18 years of age enrolled in T1D Exchange between September 2010 and August 2012 with type 1 diabetes for ≥1 year and BMI ≥ 5th age-/sex-adjusted percentile (mean age 12 years, 49 % female, 78 % non-Hispanic White). Overweight and obesity were defined based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Diagnoses of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and micro-/macroalbuminuria were obtained from medical records. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess factors associated with weight status. RESULTS: Of the 11,348 participants, 22 % were overweight and 14 % obese. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were diagnosed in 1.0 % and 3.8 % of participants, respectively; micro-/macroalbuminuria was diagnosed in 3.8 % of participants with available data (n = 7,401). The odds of either hypertension or dyslipidemia were higher in obese than healthy weight participants [OR 3.5, 99 % confidence interval (CI) 2.0-6.1 and 2.2, 99 % CI 1.6-3.1, respectively]. Obese participants tended to be diagnosed with micro-/macroalbuminuria less often than healthy weight participants (OR 0.6, 99 % CI 0.4-1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Obese children with type 1 diabetes have a higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia than healthy weight children with type 1 diabetes. The possible association of obesity with lower micro-/macroalbuminuria rates warrants further investigation.
AIM: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes and elevated BMI in the USA is poorly defined. We aimed to test the hypothesis that children with type 1 diabetes who are overweight or obese have increased frequencies of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and micro-/macroalbuminuria compared to their healthy weight peers. METHODS: We studied 11,348 children 2 to <18 years of age enrolled in T1D Exchange between September 2010 and August 2012 with type 1 diabetes for ≥1 year and BMI ≥ 5th age-/sex-adjusted percentile (mean age 12 years, 49 % female, 78 % non-Hispanic White). Overweight and obesity were defined based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Diagnoses of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and micro-/macroalbuminuria were obtained from medical records. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess factors associated with weight status. RESULTS: Of the 11,348 participants, 22 % were overweight and 14 % obese. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were diagnosed in 1.0 % and 3.8 % of participants, respectively; micro-/macroalbuminuria was diagnosed in 3.8 % of participants with available data (n = 7,401). The odds of either hypertension or dyslipidemia were higher in obese than healthy weight participants [OR 3.5, 99 % confidence interval (CI) 2.0-6.1 and 2.2, 99 % CI 1.6-3.1, respectively]. Obeseparticipants tended to be diagnosed with micro-/macroalbuminuria less often than healthy weight participants (OR 0.6, 99 % CI 0.4-1.0). CONCLUSIONS:Obesechildren with type 1 diabetes have a higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia than healthy weight children with type 1 diabetes. The possible association of obesity with lower micro-/macroalbuminuria rates warrants further investigation.
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