Paloma Quesada1, Denise Whitby2, Yolanda Benavente3, Wendell Miley2, Nazzarena Labo2, Saibua Chichareon4, Nguyen Trong5, Hai-Rim Shin6, Pham Thi Hoang Anh5, Jaiyeola Thomas7, Elena Matos8, Rolando Herrero9, Nubia Muñoz10, Monica Molano10, Silvia Franceschi11, Silvia de Sanjosé12. 1. Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA. 3. Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. 5. Neonatology Department, Hung Vuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 6. International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France; National Cancer Centre, Goyang, Republic of Korea; WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, Noncommunicable disease and health promotion, Manila, Philippines. 7. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana, United States. 8. Instituto de Oncologia Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 9. International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France; Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica. 10. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogota, Colombia. 11. International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France. 12. Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: s.sanjose@iconcologia.net.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant global health issue because it is widespread and persistent and can cause serious liver diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to estimate HCV prevalence in women from the general population in different geographical areas worldwide and to assess the potential role of sexual behaviour in the virus transmission. STUDY DESIGN: Each participating centre recruited a random sample of women from the general population aged from less than 20 to more than 75 years. The study included 8130 women from 8 countries with information on sociodemographic factors, reproductive and sexual behaviour, smoking habit and HPV DNA through individual interviews. A blood sample was also collected to perform serological tests. We estimated the prevalence ratios associated to HCV to evaluate the effect of sexual behaviour in viral transmission. RESULTS: Women were reactive to a minimum of two HCV antigens, including at least one non structural protein were considered as positive (33% of the samples were classified as positive, 40% as negative, and 27% as indeterminate (N=402), that were considered as not positive). The age-adjusted HCV seroprevalence varied significantly by regions (0.3% in Argentina to 21.1% in Nigeria). We found no association between HCV prevalence and age, educational level, smoking habit and any of the available variables for sexual behaviour and reproductive history. CONCLUSIONS: This large study showed heterogeneous distribution of HCV seroprevalence in female and provides evidence of the null impact of sexual behaviour in HCV transmission.
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant global health issue because it is widespread and persistent and can cause serious liver diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to estimate HCV prevalence in women from the general population in different geographical areas worldwide and to assess the potential role of sexual behaviour in the virus transmission. STUDY DESIGN: Each participating centre recruited a random sample of women from the general population aged from less than 20 to more than 75 years. The study included 8130 women from 8 countries with information on sociodemographic factors, reproductive and sexual behaviour, smoking habit and HPV DNA through individual interviews. A blood sample was also collected to perform serological tests. We estimated the prevalence ratios associated to HCV to evaluate the effect of sexual behaviour in viral transmission. RESULTS: Women were reactive to a minimum of two HCV antigens, including at least one non structural protein were considered as positive (33% of the samples were classified as positive, 40% as negative, and 27% as indeterminate (N=402), that were considered as not positive). The age-adjusted HCV seroprevalence varied significantly by regions (0.3% in Argentina to 21.1% in Nigeria). We found no association between HCV prevalence and age, educational level, smoking habit and any of the available variables for sexual behaviour and reproductive history. CONCLUSIONS: This large study showed heterogeneous distribution of HCV seroprevalence in female and provides evidence of the null impact of sexual behaviour in HCV transmission.
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