Leonardo Zaninotto1, Daniel Souery2, Raffaella Calati3, Marco Di Nicola4, Stuart Montgomery5, Siegfried Kasper6, Joseph Zohar7, Julien Mendlewicz8, C Robert Cloninger9, Alessandro Serretti10, Luigi Janiri4. 1. Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Motor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. 2. Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel, Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale, Brussels, Belgium. 3. INSERM U1061, University of Montpellier, FondaMental Foundation, Montpellier, France. 4. Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. 5. Imperial College, University of London, London, United Kingdom. 6. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 7. Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. 8. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 9. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 10. Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Motor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies comparing temperament and character traits between patients with mood disorders and healthy individuals have yielded variable results. METHODS: The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was administered to 101 bipolar I (BP-I), 96 bipolar II (BP-II), 123 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and 125 HS. A series of generalized linear models were performed in order to: (a) compare the TCI dimensions across groups; (b) test any effect of the TCI dimensions on clinical features of mood disorders; and (c) detect any association between TCI dimensions and the psychopathological features of a major depressive episode. Demographic and clinical variables were also included in the models as independent variables. RESULTS: Higher Harm Avoidance was found in BP-II and MDD, but not in BP-I. Higher Self-Transcendence was found in BP-I. Our models also showed higher Self-Directedness in HS, either vs MDD or BP-II. No association was found between any TCI dimension and the severity of symptoms. Conversely, a positive association was found between Harm Avoidance and the overall burden of depressive episodes during lifetime. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design and the heterogeneity of the sample may be the main limitations of our study. CONCLUSION: In general, our sample seems to support the view of a similar profile of temperament and character between MDD and BP-II, characterized by high Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness. In contrast, patients with BP-I only exhibit high Self-Transcendence, having a near-normal profile in terms of Harm Avoidance or Self-Directedness.
BACKGROUND: Studies comparing temperament and character traits between patients with mood disorders and healthy individuals have yielded variable results. METHODS: The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was administered to 101 bipolar I (BP-I), 96 bipolar II (BP-II), 123 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and 125 HS. A series of generalized linear models were performed in order to: (a) compare the TCI dimensions across groups; (b) test any effect of the TCI dimensions on clinical features of mood disorders; and (c) detect any association between TCI dimensions and the psychopathological features of a major depressive episode. Demographic and clinical variables were also included in the models as independent variables. RESULTS: Higher Harm Avoidance was found in BP-II and MDD, but not in BP-I. Higher Self-Transcendence was found in BP-I. Our models also showed higher Self-Directedness in HS, either vs MDD or BP-II. No association was found between any TCI dimension and the severity of symptoms. Conversely, a positive association was found between Harm Avoidance and the overall burden of depressive episodes during lifetime. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design and the heterogeneity of the sample may be the main limitations of our study. CONCLUSION: In general, our sample seems to support the view of a similar profile of temperament and character between MDD and BP-II, characterized by high Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness. In contrast, patients with BP-I only exhibit high Self-Transcendence, having a near-normal profile in terms of Harm Avoidance or Self-Directedness.
Authors: Sarah Trost; Esther K Diekhof; Holger Mohr; Henning Vieker; Bernd Krämer; Claudia Wolf; Maria Keil; Peter Dechent; Elisabeth B Binder; Oliver Gruber Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2016-05-13 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: Camila Nayane de Carvalho Lima; Francisco Eliclécio Rodrigues da Silva; Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho; Ana Isabelle de Gois Queiroz; Adriana Mary Nunes Costa Okamura; Gabriel Rodrigo Fries; João Quevedo; Francisca Cléa F de Sousa; Silvania Maria Mendes Vasconcelos; David F de Lucena; Marta Maria de França Fonteles; Danielle S Macedo Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2019-08-05 Impact factor: 4.157